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| A change to the U.S. Constitution, made by passing a bill by a 2/3's majority in both houses of the legislature and being ratified by 3/4's of the states |
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| People who opposed ratification of the federal Constitution in 1787; most feared it created too strong a central government |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| 1777 agreement establishing a loose association of states while guaranteeing individual state sovereignty; replaced by the United States Constitution in 1789 |
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| Having two legislative chambers |
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| A riot in on March 5, 1770, in which soldiers fired into a crowd of rioting colonists, killing five |
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| A protest on December 1773 in which colonists dumped chests into a harbor to protest tax on tea, and the grant of a monopoly on this business to the East India Company |
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| To refuse, either individually or as a group, to do business with a person or entity, usually as a means of protest |
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| A system under which each of the three branches of government limits the powers of the other two branches |
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| 1774 laws passed by the British Parliament in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party; the laws closed Boston Harbor, stripped Massachusetts of its charter, abolished town meetings, increased the power of the appointed royal governor, and required colonists to quarter British troops |
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| Committee of Correspondence |
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| A group organized by Samuel Adams in Massachusetts in 1772 to promote communication among colonies about British threats to colonial liberty and to plan resistance to those threats |
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| An agreement at the 1787 Constitutional Convention that established the system of representation in which each state would have two representatives in the Senate and representation in the House based on population |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| 1787 meeting in Philadelphia at which something was drafted; 55 delegates from 12 states—all states except Rhode Island attended |
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| American Revolutionary War army formed by the Second Congress in 1775 and led by George Washington |
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| A meeting of delegates from the colonies during the Revolutionary War |
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| 1689 document proclaiming the basic rights and freedoms of the British people |
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| The part of the U.S. government charged with implementing and enforcing the laws and headed by the president and departments heads |
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| A series of political essays in support of the Constitution written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton; originally published in newspapers |
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| An agreement at the 1787 Constitutional Convention that established the system of representation in which each state would have two representatives in the Senate and representation in the House based on population |
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| Vermont militia led by Colonel Ethan Allen known for capturing Fort Ticonderoga during the American Revolution |
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| A strategy of fighting in which a small, unconventional force attacks a larger one using hit-and-run tactics |
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| A Latin phrase meaning you must have (or produce) the body |
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| General rise in prices attributed to an increase in the supply of currency or credit relative to the supply of goods and services |
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| 1774 laws passed by the British Parliament in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party; the laws closed Boston Harbor, stripped Massachusetts of its charter, abolished town meetings, increased the power of the appointed royal governor, and required colonists to quarter British troops |
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| A part of government charged with interpreting the laws; consists of the U.S. Supreme Court and the lower federal courts |
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| A part of government charged with making the laws; the Congress |
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| Organized militias of citizen-soldiers in the colonies just before the Revolutionary War |
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| A proposal during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 to strengthen the Articles of Confederation and preserve what was then a unicameral legislature |
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| The area near the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River |
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| A formal request from the Continental Congress submitted to King George III in 1775, offering concessions and urging peace and reconciliation between the American colonies and England |
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| Supporters of American independence from Britain |
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| A war in which the Ottawa leader attempted to drive British settlers out of Native American lands in the Great Lakes region, the Ohio River valley, and the Mississippi River valley |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| A legislation providing for a political structure and the eventual formation of states near the Ohio River |
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| The idea that government gets its power and authority from the people who are governed; specifically, the idea that the people of the individual territories should decide whether that territory would be a slave or free state |
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| Ships licensed by the Continental Congress and used to conduct raids on British supply ships during the American Revolution |
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| A decree by the British officials banning colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains |
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| A legislation that required colonists to pay for housing, food, and drink of British soldiers in North America |
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| The minimum number of people that must be present at a meeting for a vote to be considered valid |
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| A disparaging term for British soldiers in the American colonies |
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| The U.S. constitutional division of power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches as a safeguard against domination by any one branch |
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| incident in which a band of debt-ridden farmers they took over an armory in Massachusetts in 1787; state troops defeated the rebels but the conflict highlighted the weaknesses of the nation's government under the Articles of Confederation |
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| Groups of planters, merchants, and lawyers in the American colonies who protested British taxes |
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| British legislation that required colonists to pay for special stamps on most printed documents; the law was extremely unpopular in the American colonies |
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| British legislation that lowered tariffs on molasses in the colonies but increased enforcement, allowing smugglers to be tried in military courts in Nova Scotia rather than by colonial juries |
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| A tax on imports or exports |
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| A Constitutional agreement between slaveholding and non-slaveholding states providing that, for purposes of taxation and representation |
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| Colonists who remained loyal to the British crown during the American Revolution |
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| 1767 legislation taxing imports into the American colonies |
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| An agreement ending the American Revolution and establishing British recognition of American independence |
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| Having only one legislative chamber |
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| The power to make invalid a legislative act; the U.S. Constitution gives the president power over Congress but allows Congress to override a presidential decision with a two-thirds vote |
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| A 1787 idea to replace the Articles of Confederation with a much stronger federal government divided into three branches with the right to veto any state law |
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