Term
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Definition
| When a person develops immunity to a disease causing organism |
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Term
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Definition
| Immunity gained as a results of the person’s own body producing the antibodies |
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Term
| Naturally Acquired Active Immunity |
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Definition
| When the person became immune by natural means eg. surviving the infection |
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Term
| Artificially Acquired Active Immunity |
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Definition
| When the person has received a vaccination to trigger an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| is a chemical substance that promotes the activity of the antigen and enhances the immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| antigens from weakened or dead forms of infectious pathogens and an adjuvant |
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Term
| Clinical trials are used to |
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Definition
| establish the safety and efficacy of a vaccine before they are licenced for use |
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Term
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Definition
| a control group receiving a “sham” treatment to see if it improves their condition due to a psychological effect of thinking it will work |
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Term
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Definition
| Neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is receiving which treatment to eliminate bias |
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Term
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Definition
| Information on each individual in the trial group is hidden so the groups are not based on current health status to eliminate bias |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces the probability that a non-immune individual comes into contact with an infected individual |
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Term
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Definition
| % of immune individuals in a population above which a disease no longer manages to persist |
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Term
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Definition
| When pathogens can change their antigens and therefore avoid the immunological memory eg. Influenza and Malaria |
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Term
| Direct attack on the immune system occurs when |
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Definition
| a pathogen interferes with the host cells phagocytic response or manages to block an essential step in the immune system |
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Term
| AIDS and HIV is an example of an |
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Definition
| Immunodeficiency disease as HIV attacks lymphocytes |
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Term
| Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium which can |
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Definition
| Survive inside phagocytes preventing lysosomes from releasing enzymes and is therefore an immunodeficiency disease |
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