Term
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Definition
| organisms that cause disease |
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Term
| First line of defence includes |
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Definition
| skin, stomach acid, tears and mucus in the trachea |
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Term
| Second line of defence is non-specific eg |
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Definition
| phagocytosis and Natural Killer Cells |
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Term
| Third line of defence is specific eg |
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Definition
| response by T-Lymphcytes and production of antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| from the same stem cells as white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Histamine is a chemical that causes |
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Definition
| blood vessels to vasodilate and makes capillaries more permeable |
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Term
| An inflammatory response provides |
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Definition
| additional blood to an injured area and causes it to swell up |
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Term
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Definition
| cell signalling protein molecules secreted by many types of cell including white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| by cytokines to the site of damaged tissue |
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Term
| Blood clotting at an injured site |
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Definition
| stops blood loss, prevents further infection and starts the tissue repair process |
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Term
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Definition
| surface antigens on a pathogen and move towards it |
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Term
| Phagocytes engulf the invader by |
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Definition
| infolding of the cell membrane to create a vacuole |
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Term
| Lysosomes in the phagocytes cytoplasm |
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Definition
| fuse with the vacuole and release enzymes which digest the invader |
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Term
| Pus is an accumulation of |
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Definition
| dead bacteria and phagocytes |
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Term
| Pores in a target cells membrane allow a |
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Definition
| “signal” molecule from the NK cell to enter the target cell and trigger a genetically controlled series of events |
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Term
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Definition
| suicide genes and suicide proteins are released |
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Term
| Suicide proteins function as |
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Definition
| self-destructive enzymes break down cells DNA and vital proteins into useless fragments and the cell shrinks and dies |
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Term
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Definition
| process of programmed cell death |
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