• When electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositley charged atoms attract each other and give/take electrons
• Occurs mainly btwn non-metals & metals

• A sharing of electrons in which the electromagnetic force of attraction bond the electrons of the involved atoms.
• Generally occurs btwn two non-metals

• To acheive a stable E configuration in the valence shell (octet rule - 8 E in valence shell).
• To have both atoms acheive a stable E configuration by sharing/giving/taking unpaired e in valence shell.

What do Covalent bonds chemical formulae produce?

molecules:

Dipole

• Seperation of charge
• Greater the difference of EN btwn the involved atoms, the greater the dipole.
• Example: H2O -->Oxygen has much more EN than H, thus there is a greater dipole.

Occurs when there is a difference in electronegativity between the bonding atoms. Because of this, there is an uneven distribution of the shared electron pair, causing one element to be slightly more negative than the other (vice versus). This creates Bond Polarity in covalent compounds.

Example: HCL

Occurs when bonding atoms have the same electronegativity, causing there to be an even distribution in the shared electrons. Because of this, there is no dipole.

Example: O2 or H2