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unit 6
circualtory system
34
Biology
Not Applicable
01/14/2004

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Term
arteries
Definition
large muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Term
veins
Definition
large vessels that carry bood to the heart, made of venules
Term
capillaries
Definition
tiny network of vessesls (only one cell wide) All exchange of nutriens and waste between blood and cells occurs accross the thin walls of capillaries
Term
arterioles
Definition
small vessels (smaller than small arteries but bigger than capillaries)
Term
venules
Definition
vessels larger than capillaries that form veins (carries blood to heart)
Term
atria
Definition
anterior chambers of the heart
Term
ventricle(s)
Definition
a lower, and the most muscular, chamber of the heart
Term
superior vena cava
Definition
the large vein carrying blood from the upper part of the
body
Term
inferior vena cava
Definition
the large vein carrying blood from the lower part of the
body
Term
aorta
Definition
the largest artery in the human body; carries blood from the left ventricle
to systemic circulation
Term
pericardium
Definition
the tough saclike membrane that surrounds the heart
Term
pulmonary artery
Definition
the artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to
the lungs
Term
pulmonary vein
Definition
the vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
heart
Term
valves
Definition
A membranous structure in a hollow organ or passage, as in an artery or vein, that folds or closes to prevent the return flow of the body fluid passing through it
Term
pacemaker
Definition
the sinoatrial node that regulates the contraction of the heart
Term
sinoatrial node
Definition
the nerve tissue in the right atrium that regulates the
contraction rate of the heart
Term
atrioventricular node
Definition
a one-way valve separating each atrium from the
ventricle beneath it
Term
pulse
Definition
The rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart, especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck
Term
blood pressure
Definition
force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels
Term
systolic pressure
Definition
pressure of the blood when the ventricles contract
Term
diastolic pressure
Definition
the pressure maintained in the blood when the ventricles are realaxed
Term
artherosclerosis
Definition
a disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the
interior walls of the arteries
Term
plasma
Definition
the liquid component of blood
Term
red blood cells
Definition
erythrocytes- transport oxygen to all parts of the body. Formend in red marrow of bones
Term
white blood cells
Definition
leukocytes--help defend body aginst disease. Formed in red bone marrow, the lymph nodes, and the spleen. Larger than red blood cells.
Term
platelets
Definition
a partial cell needed to form blood clots
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
the oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells
Term
fibrin
Definition
the long, sticky threads that function in blood clotting
Term
blood clotting
Definition
a process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot)
Term
transfusion
Definition
The transfer of whole blood or blood products from one individual to another
Term
blood types- A, B, AB, O
Definition
a specific characteristic of the blood of an individual; A, B, AB, or
O, depending on the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood
cell
Term
antigens
Definition
a substance that stimulates an immune response
Term
antibodies
Definition
a protein produced by B cells that binds to antigens
Term
Rh or Rhesus factor
Definition
a type of antigen found in the blood that may cause complications
during some pregnancies
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