Term
| general characteristics of protists |
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Definition
| unicellular, free-living, some multicellular or colonial |
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Term
| typical eukaryotic structure of protists |
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Definition
| internal membranes, nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane, organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
| move by means of one or more flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| long, thin, whip-like cellular projections |
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Term
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Definition
| move with use of their hair-like projections |
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Term
| pseudopodians (rhizopods) |
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Definition
| move by means of temporary extensions of its cytoplasm and plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| parasitic protozoa which obtain their food and are transmitted through the bloodsucking of different hosts |
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Term
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Definition
| red, brown, or green algae |
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Term
| Why are algae classified with protists instead of plants? |
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Definition
| They lack true roots, stems, and leaves of plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs during an algal bloom. The algae grow very quickly and accumulate in a large mass. This buildup of dinoflagellates turns the water a pinkish orange color. When they bloom, they produce a neurotoxin harmful to all organisms. |
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Term
How does a red tide hurt the ecosystem?
The economy? |
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Definition
| It kills hundreds of fish and other marine organisms each year. Companies that depend on fish or crabs for business will be slowed down if a red tide occurs in a particular area |
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Term
| Diseases caused by protozoa? |
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Definition
| malaria, giardiasis, ameobic dysentery |
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Term
| what are several types of plant-like protists? |
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Definition
| euglenoids, dinoflagellates, diatoms, seaweeds |
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Term
| protists are ecologically important because |
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Definition
1. they are a leading provider of the world's oxygen (dinoflagellates)
2. digest and break down dead and decaying matter (plasmodium)
3. decompose dead plants and animals (water molds and downy mildews)
4. are the beginning of the food chain for many organisms (plankton)
5. plants, animals, and fungi all evolved from protists |
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Term
| protists are economically important because... |
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Definition
1. diatomaceous earth is sold and used all over the world
2. algae is used in many different foods and other substances today |
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Term
| ecological importance of fungi: |
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Definition
| fungi play an important role as decomposers. they recycle nutrients like nitrogen and carbon by breaking down organic material. others are parasites that absorb nutrients from the cells and body fluids of living hosts. |
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Term
| economic importance of fungi: |
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Definition
| They are edible...mushrooms, truffles, etc. They are used to ripen cheeses. Yeasts are important in baking, brewing, and winemaking. A number of antibiotics come from fungi. |
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Term
| why are fungi classified into a kingdom by themselves? |
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Definition
Due to:
structure, modes of nutrition, and reproduction. |
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Term
| what is the structure of a fungi? |
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Definition
| bodies are made up of hyphae, cell walls are built out of chitin rather than cellulose |
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Term
| modes of nutrition of a fungi? |
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Definition
| absorbative nutrition through mycelium |
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Term
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Definition
| fungi release spores which spread and germinate, growing into new fungi. produced sexually and asexually |
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Term
| The bodies of most fungi are made up of structures called ________. The cell walls are made of ________. Hyphae tend to have additional cell walls which makes most fungi ______________. The hyphae branch as they grow, forming an interwoven mat called _______________. Fungi are stationary. |
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Definition
| hyphae; chitin; multicellular; mycelium |
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Term
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Definition
| First the fungus digests food outside its mycelium by secreting powerful enzymes into its surroundings. These enzymes break down complex molecules into smaller molecules the mycelium can absorb. (Fungi do not have stomachs. They must digest their food before it can pass through the cell wall into the hyphae.) |
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Term
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Definition
| mutualistic pairing of a fungus and an alga. the photosynthetic algae feed the fungus, while the fungal mycelium provides a habitat for the algae. |
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Term
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Definition
| symbiotic relationship between fungal hyphae and plant roots. fungi absorb water and essential minerals from the soil and provide these to the plant, and the sugars produced by the plant nourish the fungi. these are found on some of the oldest plant fossils |
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Term
| why are spores advantageous for reproduction? |
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Definition
| they are produced in mass quantities, and spread by the wind or water so there is a wide geographic distribution of fungi. can withstand unfavorable conditions for long periods of time before germinating and growing into new fungi. this makes them easy to produce |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny threads of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane and covered with a cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| strong, flexible polysaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| an interwoven mat formed as the hyphae of a single fungus branch |
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Term
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Definition
| a method by which the fungus absorbs small organic molecules from its surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| transports water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into shoots |
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Term
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Definition
| transports food made in mature leaves to the roots and parts of the shoot system that don't photosynthesize, such as developing leaves and fruits |
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Term
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Definition
| outgrowth of a root's epidermal cell that increases the surface area available for absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| the dermal tissue of nonwoody organs that covers and protects all the young parts of the plant. some secrete a waxy cuticle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| growth toward or around an object |
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Term
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Definition
| make cells grow longer. As a plant bends toward light, they are secreted on the far side of the stem |
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Term
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Definition
| promote growth to make a plant taller |
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Term
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Definition
| (not a hormone) is gas produced in ripe and rotting fruit. it causes fruit to ripen. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the evaporation of water from the plant. It provides the pull to start the water up the tube (xylem). Plants are covered in a waxy cuticle, so gas exchange occurs through stomata. The loss of water through the leaves draws water up the plant (cohesion and adhesion are important for this). |
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Term
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Definition
| vascular tissue that creates new phloem and xylem |
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Term
| describe the functions of roots. |
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Definition
anchor plant in ground
store energy
absorb water |
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Term
| describe the function of stems |
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Definition
support and elevate leaves, flowers, etc
transport and store nutrients |
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Term
| describe the function of leaves |
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Definition
provide a wide area for photosynthesis
transpiration takes place here |
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Term
| describe the function of seeds |
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Definition
disperse plant to new location
nourish embryo |
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