Term
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Definition
Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament and spines of the thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Spine of the scapula, lateral third of clavicle and acromion
Actions: Elevates, retracts and rotates scapula to face gelnoid cavity superiorly, depresses scapula
Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve
Arterial supply: Superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Iliac crest, spine of T6, thoracolumbar fascia, inferior 3-4 ribs
Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Adducts, extends and medially rotates humerus
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
Arterial supply: Thoracodorsal artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Vertebral spines of T2-T5
Insertion: Medial scapula (inferior to minor)
Action: Adducts and rotates scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
Arterial supply: Deep branch of transverse cervical artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Vertebral spines of C7-T1
Insertion: Medial scapula (superior to major)
Action: Adducts and rotates scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
Arterial supply: Deep branch of transverse cervical artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Scapula between superior angle and root of scapular spine (medial upper border)
Action: Elevates scapula or inclines neck if scapula fixed
Innervation: Deep scapular nerve
Arterial supply: Deep branch of transverse cervical artery |
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Term
| Posterior Superior Serratus |
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Definition
Origin: Spinous process of C7-T3
Insertion: Superior border of ribs 2-5
Action: Thin respiratory muscle |
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Term
| Posterior inferior Serratus |
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Definition
Origin: Spinous process of T11-L2
Insertion: Inferior border of the lower 3-4 ribs
Action: Thin respiratory muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T3
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral part of occipital
Action: Extend head (together), laterally flex head with slight rotation of the head (alone)
Innervation: Dorsal rami
Arterial supply: Superficial branch of transverse cervical artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spines of T3-T6
Insertion: Transverse processes of upper 3-4 cervical vertebrae (mostly covered by splenius capitis)
Action: Extend neck (together), laterally flex head and neck (alone)
Innervation: Dorsal rami
Arterial supply: Superficial branch of transverse cervical artery |
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Term
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Definition
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
Origin: I-iliac crest inferior 6 ribs and ribs 3-6, L-transverse process of lumbar thorugh cervical spine, S- spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: I- angle of ribs, cervical vertebrae of C6-C4, L- transverse process of thoracic and cervical vertebrae and ribs superior in origin, masoid process, S spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Action: extends vertebral column, maintain posture, bend vertebral column laterally, extends head and turns face towards same side
Innervation: Dorsal rami |
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Term
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Definition
Transversospinalis muscle, most superficial
Origin: Transverse process of vertebrae
Insertion: Spines of higher vertebrae or occipital bone for most superior muscles
Action:
Innervation: Dorsal rami |
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Term
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Definition
| Transversospinalis muscle, most developed in lumbar region Origin: Transverse processes Insertion: Base of vertebral spines (spanning 2-3 vertebrae) Action: extension of spinal cord Innervation: Dorsal rami |
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Term
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Definition
Transversospinalis muscle, deepest layer
Origin: Transverse processes
Insertion: Spinous processes of more superior vertebrae (Longus: traversing one complete vertebrae, Brevis: vertebrae immediately superior)
Action:
Innervation: Dorsal rami |
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Term
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Major |
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Definition
Origin: spine of C2
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: Extension and rotation of head
Innervation: Dorsal rami of C1 |
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Term
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor |
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Definition
Origin: Posterior tubercle of C1
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: Extension and rotation of head
Innervation: Dorsal rami of C1 |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of Atlas (C1)
Insertion: Occipital bone
Action: Extension and lateral rotation of head
Innervation: Dorsal rami of C1 |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spine of Axis (C2)
Insertion: Transverse process of Atlas (C1)
Action: Laterally rotates head
Innervation: Dorsal rami of C1 |
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Term
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Definition
| runs along the vertebral spines continuing the length of the vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called ligamentum nuchae, merges with the supraspinous ligament in the cervical curvature region |
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Term
| Anterior Longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| lies on the anterior side of the vertebral bodies, continues the length of the column |
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Term
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Definition
| run from lamina to lamina covering most the space between these vertebral regions |
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Term
| Posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| runs along the posterior side of the vertebral bodies (anterior to the spinal cord) |
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Term
| Intertransverse ligaments |
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Definition
| between transverse processes |
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Term
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Definition
| between spinous processes |
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Term
| Anterior altanto-occipital membrane |
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Definition
| continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Term
| Anterior atlanto-axial membrane |
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Definition
| continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament between C1 and skull |
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Term
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Definition
| cross shaped with longitudinal and transverse parts, holding dens of axis in place |
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Term
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Definition
| holds dens in place laterally (deep to cruciform ligament) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:
Clavicular head- medial clavicle
Sternocostal head- manubrium and body of sternum, costal cartilages of 2-6 ribs
Abdominal part- aponeurosis of the external oblique
Insertion: lateral part of the intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: adducts and medially rotates the humerus, clavicular head alone can flex humerus, sternocostal head help extend humerus
Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Vasculature: thoracoacrominal artery, internal thoracic artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: upper margin of the ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of the scapula
Action: inferior rotation of the glenoid of the scapula, stabilizes scapula
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve
Arterial supply: pectoral branch of the thoracoacrominal artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: 1st rib cartilage
Insertion: inferior surface of the midclavicle
Action: depresses lateral end of the clavicle, stabilizes clavicle
Innervation: nerve to subclavius (branches of C5-C6)
Arterial supply: clavicular branch of the thoracoacrominal artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: anterior surface of the upper 1-9 ribs
Insertion: medial border of the scapula on the costal side
Action: when scapula is fixed helps raise ribs (respiration), protracts (abducts) scapula and superiorly rotates the glenoid of the scapula to enable full abduction of the arm
Innervation: long thoracic nerve
Arterial supply: lateral thoracic |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral third of clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: abducts arm (anterior), flexes (medial) and extends arm (posterior)
Innervation: axillary
Arterial supply: posterior humeral circumflex artery; deltoid branch of the thoracoacrominal artery |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: medial lip of the biceptal or intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: adducts and medially rotates arm (similar to the latissimus dorsi)
Innervation: lower subscapular
Arterial supply: scapular circumflex |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: superior part of greater tuberosity of the humerus; capsule of the shoulder joint
Action: abduct the humerus and stabilize head
Innervation: suprascapular
Arterial supply: suprascapular |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: medial facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus; capsule of the shoulder joint
Action: lateral rotator of the humerus
Innervation: suprascapular
Arterial supply: suprascapular; scapular circumflex |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: posterolateral border of scapula
Insertion: lower facet of greater tuberosity
Action: adducts and lateral rotator of the humerus
Innervation: axillary
Arterial supply: scapular circumflex |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tuberosity of the humerus; capsule of shoulder joint
Action: medially rotates humerus
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular
Arterial supply: subscapular, lateral thoracic |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:
Short head: coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid region of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity (also fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis)
Action: flexes elbow, supinates forearm, flexes arm (long head only)
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Arterial supply: brachial |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: mid-humerus
Action: flexes and adducts arm
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Arterial supply: brachial |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: distal anterior humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity
Action: flexes elbow
Innervation: musculocutaneous
Arterial supply: radial recurrent and brachial |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:
Long (superficial): infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral (superficial): upper posterior humerus
Medial (deep): lower posterior humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Action: main extensor of the elbow joint, also a weak extensor of the shoulder (long head)
Innervation: radial
Arterial supply: deep brachial |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: olecranon and posterior ulna
Action: assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint
Innervation: radial
Arterial supply: deep brachial |
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