Term
| the conditions under which the local provision of goods is optimal |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Montreal examples does Levine provide of investments that attract tourist revenues and contribute to quality of life for residents? |
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Definition
| vieux port and summer festivals |
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Term
| according to Porter (1997), what is the primary asset of the inner-city? |
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Definition
unmet local demand: high pop. density
human resources: available, diverse, loyal,
modestly skilled |
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Term
| municipal amalgamation - know the arguments in support of it. |
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Definition
Cost Reductions
Regional Equity
International Competitiveness
From perspective of Province, it can facilitate
downloading… |
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Term
| know the general trends influencing poverty rates |
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Definition
Economic restructuring: polarization of jobs/wages in new economy
Changing household composition:
single-family household replaced by unattached individuals and lone parents
Reduced government support:
Most government transfers stem from
unemployment insurance (EI) and social
assistance (SA). |
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Term
| be able to describe the difference between ‘supply-side’ and ‘demand-side’ economic development strategies. |
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Definition
Supply-Side
heyday: 1940s-1970s
centered on industrial recruitment: relocation AND/OR expansion.
goal: bring the costs of doing business down (lect 6)
Demand-side:
tariff / duties exemptions create new markets (‘export promotion’). (free zones lect) |
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Term
| know the criticisms that Porter (1997) makes of current community-based organization (CBO) initiatives for workforce development (i.e. training). Know the alternative initiatives that he suggests. |
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Definition
Be less of regulator (e.g. advising, lending to or operating businesses); more of facilitator (‘broker’)
build networks with existing institutions (e.g. banks; schools; chambers of commerce) instead of duplicating them
- link companies to appropriate sites, local institutions, local labor pools |
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Term
| according to Michelson (2005), what is the main reason that city governments welcome urban renewal? |
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Definition
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Term
| based on the Hoelzel and Leigh (2012) reading, list two reasons that industrial land in urban settings is scarce? |
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Definition
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Term
| user fees: know definition and the advantage & disadvantage to using them, as discussed in Michelson (2005) |
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Definition
+ not viewed as taxes, therefore require neither permissio nor subvention
- danger of large segments of pop nit receiving servs bc can't afford them |
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Term
| according to the Levine (2003) reading, what are three benefits that municipal leaders hope to secure from tourism-based development? |
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Definition
jobs
property investment/revitalization
local tax revenues |
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Term
| according to Catungal et al. (2009), the process of displacement in Liberty Village differs from previous rounds of gentrification. Who are the key agents triggering a process of gentrification in Liberty Village? |
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Definition
| gent. triggered by economic actors (BIA), not residents |
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Term
| ‘export processing zones’ (know the three key objectives of this strategy & be able to discuss whether or not the Mirabel Foreign Trade Zone in Montreal met these objectives) |
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Definition
-provide foreign exchange earnings by promoting non-traditional exports
-provide jobs
-encourage foreign direct investment (FDI), leading to technology transfer, backward linkages & ‘demonstration effects’
Mirabel no b/c
Large firms establish there (e.g. Bombardier); zero-sum effects
limited export growth or linkage formation |
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Term
| clusters: be able to list two ways that clusters promote new business formations |
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Definition
1. businesses can identify gaps in market
2. lower barriers to entry (financial/material resources) |
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Term
| spatial mismatch: be able to discuss what it is and to list two ways that it restricts job opportunities |
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Definition
low-income households are forced to live in cities, away from jobs in the suburbs (‘spatial mismatch’) & they lack work-related skills to take on new jobs in the city (‘skills mismatch’)
Over 1/2 of jobs now in suburbs.
Majority of low-income workers are concentrated in center city.
This mismatch contributes to poverty by restricting job opportunities, as workers have limited or costly transport options & cannot easily access information |
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Term
| do most community economic development organizations adopt comprehensive strategies? Explain. (Refer to readings) |
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Definition
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Term
| know the difference between property taxes and site-valuation taxes |
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Definition
Site-valuation taxation: taxation of the land-only portion of property -> reduces speculation and increases investment.
Land-value capture taxes: levied to capture increase in commercial value resulting from major public investment. |
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Term
| according to Rosenfeld (2000), how is tacit knowledge acquired at specialized community colleges? |
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Definition
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Term
| based on the Weber (2003) reading, list two ways that tax-increment financing could be improved |
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Definition
formal participation by the overlapping tax jurisdictions
consider an "inflation factor" in the frozen base to allow overlapping districts to recapture some of the increment that is not attributable to the new development. |
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Term
| know the difference between participatory and deliberative democracy |
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Definition
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Term
| Clusters are focused on ______________________ while traditional agglomeration economies are focused on _____________________________________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| manufacturing – as discussed in the Clark and Clavel (2012) reading. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
non-rivalrous & non-excludable;
- local govt involvement ideal when benefits are localized |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recipients must meet participation requirements to receive welfare benefits: engage in unpaid/low-paid work, and/or enhance job prospects through training (Peck 1998) |
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Term
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Definition
Activities and organizations initiated by collective endeavours & following principles
of …
service to members
autonomous management
democratic decision-making
primacy of persons and work over capital |
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Term
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Definition
| centered on both domestic and export markets |
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Term
| business improvement area (BIA) |
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Definition
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Term
| Community economic development: For this essay, discuss how community economic development organizations in Quebec have evolved since the 1980s. In discussing their evolution, you should also address the following questions: What were the original objectives of the CDECs? According to Fontan et al. (2006), how can CDECs still contribute to a democratisation of the development process, despite the challenges they face in the present context? |
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Definition
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Term
| Clusters approach: Popularized by Michael Porter, the cluster approach is now a widely used economic development strategy. In this essay, discuss the following questions relating to the cluster approach: What is a cluster? How does a cluster policy differ from a traditional industrial policy? Can only certain kinds of clusters (eg. high-technology) be successful? According to Mallett (2004) and class discussion, what are the key ingredients needed for the development of a successful cluster, and what is a key ingredient that is lacking in the Silicon Valley North (Ottawa) cluster? |
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Definition
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Term
| ‘Creative Class’ theory: Richard Florida has drawn attention to what he views as the key determinant for economic development in the 21st century: talent. Based on the article assigned for class and class lectures, discuss his theory about what the creative class is (including how is it measured). Why is the creative class important? And what factors can attract the creative class to cities? Florida's approach has also been widely criticized. In your essay, cite at least two methodological limitations, and explain why this approach could widen social inequalities in a city. |
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Definition
Divides between working/servicing class (70% of US pop.) and creative class
talent and jobs: chicken and egg problem
measures: gay= same sex household?
diversity= only foreign born?
talent= only uni degree?
can lead to gentrif.
focus on urb. elite |
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