Term
| What are the functions of the kidneys? |
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Definition
| filter large volumes of plasma, reabsorbed molecules that are needed and allowing the nitrogenous wastes to remain in the fluid that is excreted as urine |
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Term
| Kidneys control what 3 aspects of the blood? |
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Definition
| control volume, PH, osmolality of the blood |
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Term
| what chemicals do the kidneys secrete? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the principal organs of the urinary system? |
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Definition
| kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra |
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Term
| what vertebrae are the kidneys located on? |
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Definition
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Term
| the ___ kidney is usually a little bit higher than the _____ kidney |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the renal artery and vein and ureter occur on the kidney |
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Term
| how much blood flow do the kidneys get? |
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Definition
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Term
| blood flow pattern through the kidneys |
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Definition
| renal artery---> afferent arterioles---> glomerus---> efferent arterioles---> caoukkarues around the tubules (vasa recta& peritubular capillaries)--->venules--->renal vein--->inferior vena cava |
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Term
| nitrogenous wastes are derived from the breakdown of _______ and ________ |
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Definition
| amino acids and nucleic acids |
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Term
| humans excrete ____ as a nitrogenous waste |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what nitrogenous wastes do other animals excrete? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the rate at which plasma is filtered |
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Definition
| glomerular filtration rate |
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Term
| what percent of fluid filtered by the kidneys is reabsorbed |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is injected to monitor the glomerular filtration rate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what three processes do urine formation involve? |
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Definition
| filtration,reabsorbtion,secretion |
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Term
| functional unit of the kidney |
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Definition
|
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Term
| how are most drugs removed from your system? |
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Definition
| these molecules are actively transported into the tubules from the surrounding fluids by H+ and HCO3 ions |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that line the inner part of the bowmans capsule |
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Term
| a classic place to look for cuboidal epithelium is in the |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes the epithelial cells of the PCT differ from the cells in the DCT? |
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Definition
| the epithelial cells of the PCT have prominent microvilli called brush borders |
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Term
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Definition
| microvilli that line the epithilium in the PCT |
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Term
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Definition
| carry out active transport |
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Term
| what kind of epithelium do the ureters and the bladder have? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
| supplies kidneys with highly oxygenated blood |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the afferent arteriole. they are specialized smooth muscle cells that secrete renin and dilate or constrict the vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized cells in DCT monitors osmotic concentration of the glomerular fluid |
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Term
| the macula densa sends a chemical message to the juxtaglomerular cells when levels of ____ lower. |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens when the juxtaglomerular apparatus is in affect? |
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Definition
| the juxtaglomerular cells relax the smooth muscles, making the arteriole bigger, and then releasing renin, which constricts the blood vessels to the extremeties, which should increase blood flow to the kidneys and vital organs |
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Term
| renin also stimulates the production of ________, which increases levels of _____reabsorption and water reabsorption. |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| concentrated urine ( with wastes) to prevent having to lose a great amount of water to urinate |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism that allows the kidneys to concentrate the amount of wastes in the urine higher than normal |
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Term
| what does the hormone ADH control |
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Definition
| the amount of water reabsorbed in the collecting duct |
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Term
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Definition
| how urine is transported down the ureters to the bladder |
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Term
| what areas make up the trigone of the bladder? |
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Definition
| the two ureters come together with the internal urethral spincter to form this |
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Term
| the male urethra is divided into what 3 sections? |
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Definition
1.prostatic urethra
2.membranous urethra
3.penile urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| where the urethra goes through the prostate gland that lies immediately below the bladder |
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Term
|
Definition
| where the urethra goes through the body wall |
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Term
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Definition
| through the length of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of voiding urine from the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infections in the ureters |
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Term
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Definition
| if the infection of the ureters reaches the cortex |
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Term
| what part of the nephron does not experience active transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| what passively flows out of the descending loop of henle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what flows in/out of the ascending loop of henle? |
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Definition
| urea passively moving in; NACL passively and actively moving out |
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Term
| list the order of the nephron structures |
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Definition
| efferent and afferent arterioles, renal (bowmans) capsule, glomerulus, PCT, Descending loop, Ascending loop, DCT, Collecting Duct |
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Term
| which part of the nephron has a thick section? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is a method for removing waste products such as creatinine and urea, as well as free water from the blood when the kidneys are in renal failure. filters blood through machine |
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Term
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Definition
| The process uses the patient's peritoneum in the abdomen as a membrane across which fluids and dissolved substances (electrolytes, urea, glucose, albumin and other small molecules) are exchanged from the blood. |
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