Term
|
Definition
regulates plasma concentration of electrolytes
regulates blood volume by removing RBC's from circulation |
|
|
Term
| Organs of the urinary system that are involved with urine transport are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using anatomical terminology, identify the correct order of words that make this a true statement: The ________ kidney extends ________ slightly more than the ________ kidney. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney? |
|
Definition
| The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following carries urine from the kidney to the bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located in a position that is retroperitoneal.
surrounded by a renal capsule.
|
|
|
Term
| A pyelogram, an X-ray of the urinary system in which radio-opaque dye is injected into the urinary pathways, can be used to detect |
|
Definition
A) kidney stones.
B) structural abnormalities of the kidney.
C) obstruction of the ureters.
D) tumors or growths in the urinary bladder. |
|
|
Term
| A renal corpuscle includes the |
|
Definition
| glomerulus and glomerular capsule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a conical-shaped structure that is located in the renal medulla. |
|
|
Term
| The innermost layer of kidney tissue is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cortical tissue located between renal pyramids is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located adjacent to interlobar vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large branches of the renal pelvis. |
|
|
Term
| The glomerular capsule and glomerulus make up the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The expanded end of a nephron is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct. |
|
|
Term
| The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the |
|
Definition
| distal convoluted tubule. |
|
|
Term
| The portion of the nephron between the glomerular capsule and the nephron loop is the |
|
Definition
| proximal convoluted tubule. |
|
|
Term
| proximal convoluted tubule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The renal tubule contains cells adapted for absorption by having |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney: |
|
Definition
4. renal artery
3. interlobar artery
2. arcuate artery
6. interlobular artery
1. afferent arteriole
5. glomerulus
7. efferent arteriole
8. peritubular capillary |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are too large to be filtered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The countercurrent mechanism functions in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the |
|
Definition
| proximal convoluted tubule. |
|
|
Term
| Most hydrogen ions are secreted into the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is |
|
Definition
| absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. |
|
|
Term
| The ability to form a concentrated urine depends on the regulation of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule normally reabsorb |
|
Definition
A) approximately 60 percent of the volume of the filtrate produced in the renal corpuscle.
B) virtually all of the glucose and other nutrients under normal conditions.
C) cations such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium.
D) anions such as bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, and phosphate. |
|
|
Term
| General characteristics of normal urine include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the lesser amount? |
|
Definition
| the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the descending limb of the nephron loop |
|
|
Term
| ADH promotes water reabsorption mainly through the wall of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is aldosterone able to affect? |
|
Definition
| regulation of body fluid concentration |
|
|
Term
| When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys could produce |
|
Definition
| urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. |
|
|
Term
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by |
|
Definition
| vasodilation of the afferent arteriole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates water conservation at the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| The amount of potassium secreted by the kidneys is regulated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the afferent arteriole becomes constricted, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors that increase the secretion of ADH include |
|
Definition
A) increased concentration of sodium ions in the ECF.
B) water deprivation.
C) increased osmolarity of the ECF.
D) decreased renal blood flow. |
|
|
Term
| If, through injury, the blood flow to the kidneys decreases, which of the following will occur? |
|
Definition
| The renin-angiotensin system will be activated. |
|
|
Term
| Management of renal failure involves restriction of water and salt intake and reducing caloric intake to a minimum; dietary proteins are also limited. This combination lessens the strain on the urinary system by |
|
Definition
minimizing volume of urine produced.
preventing the generation of large quantities of nitrogenous waste products. |
|
|
Term
| The micturition reflex center is located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the most distal part of the male urethra? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is greater? |
|
Definition
| the length of the urethra in males |
|
|
Term
| The term incontinence refers to the |
|
Definition
| inability to control urination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra. |
|
|
Term
| The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is considered transcellular fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Movement of water between compartments is by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which compartment is the largest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most abundant cation in the ECF is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The principal cation in the ICF is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When water is lost but electrolytes are retained |
|
Definition
| osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. |
|
|
Term
| Hypoproteinemia could lead to |
|
Definition
| a temporary increase in blood volume. |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular fluid contains high concentrations of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the level of sodium ions in the ECF increases |
|
Definition
| a person experiences an increased thirst. |
|
|
Term
| When the amount of sodium ions in the ECF increases, |
|
Definition
| osmoreceptors are stimulated. |
|
|
Term
| Calcium homeostasis primarily reflects |
|
Definition
| an interplay between reserves in the bone, the rate of absorption, and the rate of excretion. |
|
|
Term
| The thirst center is located in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If excessive amounts of water are taken into the body, |
|
Definition
| osmoreceptors in the brain begin to swell. |
|
|
Term
| The primary stimulus in the blood for the secretion of aldosterone is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ions normally found in urine and plasma include which of the following? |
|
Definition
A) chloride
B) bicarbonate
C) potassium
D) sodium |
|
|
Term
| Dan has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water. As a result of this exposure, one would expect to observe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most important factor affecting the pH of body fluids is the concentration of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most abundant intracellular mechanism for regulating pH is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypoventilation would cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In response to respiratory alkalosis, |
|
Definition
| the body retains more carbon dioxide. |
|
|
Term
| A person who suffers from emphysema can exhibit signs of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person who suffers from chronic diabetes can exhibit signs of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person who chronically consumes large amounts of antacids to settle an upset stomach may risk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is an example of a physiologic buffer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by |
|
Definition
| converting strong acids to weak acids |
|
|
Term
| Ingestion of sodium bicarbonate to relieve indigestion may lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Movement of fluid from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule is called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water reabsorption occurs by the process of _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADH is produced by cells in the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The osmoreceptors of the nephron are located in the _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substances that combine with hydrogen ions in solution are called _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most abundant source of hydrogen ions are those from _________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
