Term
| What are the 3 organs of the urinary system, and which are paired? |
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Definition
1. Kidneys (paired)
2. Ureters (paired)
3. Bladder (single) |
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Term
| Where is each organ of the urinary system located |
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Definition
Kidneys = abdomen
Bladder = pelvis
Ureters = connect the two compartments |
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Term
| What are the functions, and which is the major function, of the kidney? |
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Definition
- Excretion of excess water (major)
- Removal of toxins
- Endocrine involvement |
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Term
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Definition
| The fat that surrounds the kidney, to act like a cushion |
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Term
| Name the two poles of the kidney |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) The hilus of the kidney faces laterally |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the hierarchy of the duct system within the kidney |
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Definition
| Each pyramid excretes to the a minor calyx. Two minor calyces come together to form a major calyx. Major calyces come together to form the renal pelvis, which connects directly to the ureter |
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Term
| List the ;ayers of the kidney from innermost to outermost |
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Definition
1. Medulla
2. Cortex
3. Peritoneal fat |
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Term
| What is the function of the cortex? |
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Definition
1. Forms outer layer
2. Houses blood vessels
3. Separates pyramids |
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Term
| What is contained within the medulla, and what is the function of this structure? |
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Definition
| 25ish Renal pyramids - functions to filter blood |
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Term
| What is the cortex called when it extends between the renal pyramids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the hierarchy of the kidney tubule system, before the minor calyces |
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Definition
| Renal pyramids contain glomerulus, which filters blood. The glomerulus turns into the collecting tubule. Collecting tubules which take the urine towards the tip of the pyramids. |
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Term
| What are the renal papillae? |
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Definition
| The structure that allows the urine to flow from the collecting tubule into |
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Term
| What blood vessels provide blood supply to the kidneys? How do these vessels enter the kidney? |
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Definition
| Left and right renal arteries to left and right kidneys, respectively. Via the hilus |
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Term
| What are lobar arteries? What is their function? |
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Definition
| The arteries that the renal artery immediately branches into when it enters the kindey; supplies each individual renal lobe |
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Term
| (T/F) The venous drainage of the kidneys mirrors their blood supply |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the right renal artery longer than the left? |
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Definition
| Because the aorta is situated on the left side of the body |
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Term
| Why is the left renal vein longer than the right? |
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Definition
| Because the IVC is on the right side of the body |
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Term
| What is the function of the ureters? |
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Definition
| To carry urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder |
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Term
| Describe the path they take from the kidneys to the bladder |
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Definition
| Run down the posterior abdominal wall into the back of the bladder |
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Term
| (T/F) The ureters penetrate the bladder as soon as they come into contact with the bladder |
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Definition
| False, they travel down the posterior wall and enter the bladder mre inferiorly |
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Term
| (T/F) The ureters are extremely muscular |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the bladder located? What is the consequence of this? |
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Definition
- Anterior pelvis
- The bladder is shaped like the bow of a ship |
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Term
| (T/F) The bladder is covered by visceral peritoneum |
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Definition
| False, its superior surface is covered by parietal peritoneum |
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Term
| Where is the urethral orfice found, and what is its function? |
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Definition
| And the inferior angle of the bladder; allows urine to drain from bladder into the urethra |
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Term
| (T/F) The interior of the bladder is rugose and muscular |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The smooth walled area between the openings of the ureters and urethra |
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Term
| (T/F) The bladder has both SNS and PNS control |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the adrenal glands located? |
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Definition
| On the superior surface of the kidneys |
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Term
| What vessels supply the adrenal glands with blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe SNS innervation of the kidneys; PNS |
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Definition
SNS:
- Innervated by T12 (via least splanchnic)
- Synapse in the renal plexus
PNS: via vagus |
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Term
| What does SNS innervation of the kidneys do? PNS innervation? |
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Definition
SNS: activate vasoconstriction, therefore less blood flow and less filtration
PNS: activate vasodilation, therefore more blood flow and more filtration |
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Term
| What is the bladder muscle called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the Detrusor receive sympathetic innervation from? What is the target of this innervation? |
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Definition
| Multiple pathways, originating from T11-L2; the blood vessels within the muscle (therefore little influence on micturition) |
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Term
| Where does the sphincter vesicae receive innervation from? Describe this innervation. |
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Definition
| T11-L2, via lumbar splanchics to the inferior mesenteric ganglion, where they synapse. Post-gangs travel down pre-aortic plexus chain to inferior hypogastric plexus (via hypogastric nerve |
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Term
| What is the function of sphincter vesicae? |
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Definition
| It contracts during ejaculation, to prevent semen from entering the bladder. |
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Term
| What are the two PNS functions during urination? |
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Definition
1. Contract the bladder
2. Inhibit sphincter |
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Term
| Describe the PNS innervation of the bladder |
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Definition
| Arrive from S2,3,4 and synapse in the inferior hypogastric plexus, before targeting the tissue. |
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