Term
| What is the Urinary System ? |
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Definition
primary function is to keep the body in homeostasis by controlling the
composition and volume of the blood. - the lungs, skin and digestive tract also function in waste elimination - system contains two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, one urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| Retro Peritoneal (behind the peritoneum) * they remove and restore selected amounts of water and solutes * they excrete selected amounts of various wastes ( urea, creatinine ) * they help to regulate blood pressure * right kidney is lower than the left * protected by the 11th and 12th pairs of ribs. (Floating/ vertebral ribs) |
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Term
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Definition
| the indention where the blood vessels enter and exit from the kidney, and the ureter exits from the renal pelvis |
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Term
| Three layers of tissue protect and support the kidney? |
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Definition
1. Renal Capsule - a fibrous coat
2. adipose capsule - fat deposits around the kidney (12% body fat)
3. Rena Fascia - fibrous C.T. which anchors the kidney to dorsal wall |
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Term
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Definition
| a cavity in the kidney in which the renal pelvis can be found |
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Term
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Definition
| area of the kidney from the base of the renal pyramid to capsule |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular-shaped structures in the medulla which appear striated due to the presence of collecting ducts and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| the tip of the renal pyramid; the collecting ducts opening is located here |
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Term
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Definition
| the functional portion of the kidney which contains the NEPHRONS |
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Term
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Definition
| large central urine collecting area |
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Term
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Definition
| cup-like extensions of the renal pelvis which encompass each of the renal papillae |
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Term
| What is a Nephron? And Functions? |
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Definition
| the functional unit of the kidney. The functions are to 1. Filter 2. Reabsorb 3. Secrete |
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Term
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Definition
1. renal corpuscle (Glomerulus)
2. Renal tubules (proximal/distal convoluted tubules and loop of henle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Enters via afferent arteriole, exits via efferent arteriole |
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Term
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Definition
| called Bowman's capsule, parietal layer is composed of simple squamous epithelium. Covers Glomerulus |
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Term
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Definition
| a duct to which many distal convoluted tubules join and deposit their urine secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| the end of the collecting duct as it terminates at the end of the renal papilla |
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Term
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Definition
| Shorter nephron located in teh superficial renal cortex. |
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Definition
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Term
| The histology of a Nephron |
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Definition
1. Endothelium- simple squamous epithelium which comprises the glomerular capillary tuft
2. Basement membrane- an extracellular fibrous glycoprotein matrix which acts as a dialyzing membrane.
3. Filtration slits- formed by the podocytes of the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
14 steps.
Renal Artery, Segmental Artery, Interlobular Arterty, Aruculate Artery, Cortical radiate artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubluar capillaries, vasa recta (ALL ARTERY) Cortical radiate veins, Arculate vein, Interlobular veins, and renal vein |
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Term
| Percentage of total cardiac output in Renal Arteries per minute |
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Definition
| transport 25% of the total cardiac output to the kidneys per minute (1,200 ml./min.) to be cleansed. |
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Term
| Whats Juxtaglomerulus Apparatus? and what does it contain? |
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Definition
| microscopic structure in the kidney, which regulates the function of each nephron. Juxtamedullary cells - contain granules called renin which control blood flow. |
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Term
| 3 principle processes of urine formation? |
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Definition
| glomerular filtration, tubular resorption, and tubular secretion |
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Term
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Definition
occurs by forcing the fluids and dissolved substances through a membrane by an outside pressure. It occurs across the endothelial-capsular
membrane. The pressure is blood pressure. The fluid is called the filtrate. |
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Term
| Net (Effective) Filtration Pressure? |
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Definition
| the pressure which causes filtrate to be formed (to leave the capillary and enter into the glomerular space) |
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Term
| Net Filtration Pressure equation? |
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Definition
NFP = GHP - (CHP + BOP)
Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure- (Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure + Blood osmotic Pressure) |
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Term
| Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP) |
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Definition
| the force which a fluid under pressure exerts on the walls of a container (capsular wall). |
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Term
| Blood osmotic Pressure (BOP) |
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Definition
the pressure which develops from water movement into a contained solution. It always develops in the solution with the higher concentration of solutes. Since blood has more proteins than the filtrate, water
Moves out of the filtrate and back into the blood vessel. |
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Term
| Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure ? |
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Definition
| the blood pressure in the glomerulus. This pressure is pushing against the walls of the capsule and the filtrate which is already there. |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta. (Tubluar Max (TM) is the most that can be absorbed) |
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Term
| Proximal Convoluted Tubules? |
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Definition
| It contains microvilli. Na+ ions are actively transported through the cells and into the peritubular capillaries. Cl- ions follow the Na+ ions out of the tubule by electrostatic attraction. Water follows since the proximal convoluted tubules are always permeable to it. |
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Term
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Definition
| When water mover naturally because of concentration gradients to establish osmotic equilibrium. |
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Term
| Facultative reabsorption? |
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Definition
| When water reabsorption is controlled by the level of ADH in the blood |
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Term
| Volumes of urinary system |
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Definition
| 1000-1800 ml. eliminated per day. Volume is influenced by blood pressure and concentration, diet, temperature, diuretics, mental state and general health |
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Term
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Definition
| process adds materials from the blood to the filtrate. This process functions to rid the body of certain materials as well as help to control the blood pH. |
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Definition
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Term
| Countercurrent Multiplier Mechanism ? |
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Definition
| a process which allows the kidneys to secrete hypertonic urine or hypotonic urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| deliver urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They are approx. 10-12 inches long. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mucosa- transitional epithelium
2. muscularis- long. & circ. layers
3. fibrous- hold it |
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Term
| Coats of urinary bladder? |
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Definition
1. mucosal - composed of transitional epithelium; contains folds called rugae which allow the urinary bladder to stretch as it fills with urine.
2. Submucosa - a C.T. layer which holds the mucosal layer to the muscular coat.
3. Muscularis- Contain internal sphincter (smooth muscle) and external sphincter (skeletal)
4. Adventicia- the external serous covering |
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Term
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Definition
| expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder; urination. Bladder can hold 400-800ml |
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Term
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Definition
| a tube extending from the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice through which urine is expelled. |
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Term
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Definition
| toxic levels of urea in the blood due to the kidneys not functioning correctly. |
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