-Filter Blood (waste= urine, 1-2 L/day)

-Regulate blood volume, BP (remove water from blood)

-Regulate ions, pH (keep acids from denaturing cmpds)

 _____________________

 Glucose -> CO₂

Fats -> ketones

Proteins -> NH₃⁺ -> uric acid, urea

Abdominal aorta, renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, nephron capillaries, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, segmental vein, renal vein, IVC

-Outer region

-contains nephrons 

-FILTERS BLOOD

-Inner pyramids and columns 

-contains loops, collecting ducts -> salty, concentrate urine

-collect urine from calyx, drains into ureter

funnels urine at tips of pyramids

-area where vessels and ureters connect to kidney

-part of medulla

-contains loops and collecting ducts

-salty, concentrate urine 

-part of medulla

-between pyramids

-houses interlobar arteries and veins 

-drains urine from pyramids into minor calyx

shallow loops (in cortex)

85% 

-deep loops

-concentrate urine

15%

glomerulus and bowman's capsule

Urine Formation

(steps)

1. Glomerular Filtration

2. Tubular Reabsorption

3. Tubular Secretion