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| Formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review. |
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| First case where the Supreme Court ruled a state law unconstitutional. (Yazoo Lands in Georgia) |
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established the following two principles:
1. The Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government.
2. State action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.
(BUS) |
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| Dartmouth College v. Woodword |
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| No State shall make any law impairing the obligation of contracts as part of the contract clause |
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| Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. National government before state government. |
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| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
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| The Supreme Court did not have original jurisdiction under Article III of the Constitution to hear a suit brought by the Cherokee Nation, which, as an Indian tribe, was not a sovereign nation. |
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| Cherokee Native Americans were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty. |
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| Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge |
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| The Massachusetts state legislature's decision to grant a charter to the proprietors of Warren Bridge after granting a similar charter to the Charles River Bridge Company did not constitute a violation of the Contract Clause. |
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| Unions were legal organizations and had the right to organize a strike. Supreme Court established that trade unions were not criminal or conspiring organizations that advocated violence. |
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| The court held that Federal law is superior to State law |
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| Slaves were property and could not sue in court. African Americans did not have the right to become citizens. Missouri Compromise ruled unconstitutional because Congress had no right to abolish slavery. |
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| 1. That the president cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize a military officer to do it. 2. That a military officer has no right to arrest and detain a person not subject to the rules and articles of war except in aid of the judicial authority, and subject to its control. |
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| Ruled that the application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts are still operating is unconstitutional. |
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| Privileges and immunities of citizenship of the United States were to be protected by the Fourteenth Amendment not privileges and immunities of citizenship of a state. |
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| The Fourteenth Amendment does not prevent the State of Illinois from regulating charges for use of a business' grain elevators. Private companies can be regulated for the public interest. |
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| The Court held that Illinois had violated the Commerce Clause by placing a direct burden on interstate commerce. Under the Commerce Clause only Congress had the power to do so and states could only place indirect burdens on commerce. This led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. It was one of the first instances in government assuming responsibility for economic affairs that had previously been delegated to the states. |
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| Pollock v. Farmers Loan and Trust |
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| The court ruled that the unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were, in effect, direct taxes, and were unconstitutional because they violated the rule that direct taxes be apportioned. |
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| Manufacturing is not considered an area that can be regulated by Congress pursuant to the commerce clause. This limited the government's power to control monopolies. |
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| The "separate but equal" provision of public accommodations by state governments is constitutional. |
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| Supreme Court said that full constitutional rights did not automatically extend to all areas under American control. |
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| Northern Securities v. US |
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| The decision gave teeth to the Sherman Antitrust Act and spurred the government's Trust-Busting efforts. |
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| "Right to free contract" was implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. |
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| Oregon's limit on the working hours of women was constitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment, because it was justified by the strong state interest in protecting women's health. |
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| Congress has no power under the Commerce Clause to regulate labor conditions. |
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| Freedom of speech is limited in clear and present danger. |
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| Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States |
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| Section 3 of the National Industrial Recovery Act was an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power to the Executive, and was not a valid exercise of congressional Commerce Clause power. |
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| The Agricultural Adjustment Act is an unconstitutional exercise of power. |
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| The exclusion order leading to Japanese American Internment was constitutional. |
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| Was not in violation of the first amendment for conspiring to overthrow the government. Courts must adjust to the times. |
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| In a capital trial, the defendant must be given access to counsel upon his or her own request as part of due process. |
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