Term
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Definition
| combines ethical decision-making and ethical behavior, and occurs in both an individual and organizational context. A major responsibility of a leader is to make ethical decisions and behave in ethical ways, and to see that the organization understands and practices its ethical codes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The core beliefs we hold regarding what is right and fair in terms of our actions and our interactions with others; what individuals believe to be of worth and importance to their life |
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Term
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| Values that we attribute to a system of beliefs that help us define right from wrong, good versus bad. Typically, they get their authority from something outside the individual—they come from a higher being or authority. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of what we understand to be good and right behavior and the study of how we judge those behaviors. A set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values. We characterize people as ethical when they act in ways that are consistent with societal moral values. The ethics of our decisions and actions are defined societally, not individually. |
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Term
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Definition
Deal specifically with those values and expected rules of the profession that are appropriate to actions taken within the military environment (Gabriel, 2003).
The American military ethic is designed to put principle above self-interest. Personal integrity and moral courage are the keys to viability of that ethic (Flammer, 1976). |
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Term
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| In ethics, the belief that nothing is objectively right or wrong and that the definition of right or wrong depends on the prevailing view of a particular individual, culture, or historical period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Situations where one is forced to choose between two alternatives (both alternatives can be unfavorable and/or less right and more right or less wrong and more wrong). |
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| Ethically Minded Organization |
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Definition
| An organization that exemplifies professionalism, humility, self-control, personal discipline, and values. |
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Term
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Definition
| confusion or uncertainty as to what action or behavior should be taken, conflicting opinions/values, all choices have drawbacks |
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Ethical Traps
Ethical Relativism |
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Definition
| making decisions based on personal values/beliefs rather than on military rules, regulations and codes of conduct |
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Term
Ethical Traps
Loyalty Syndrome |
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Definition
| making decisions based on respect and/or loyalty to an individual, unit, or organization etc. rather than on military rules, regulations and codes of conduct |
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Term
Ethical Traps
Worry Over Image |
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Definition
| making decisions based on how the decision will impact one’s reputation/standing among peers, subordinates, supervisors, community etc. rather than on military rules, regulations and codes of conduct |
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Ethical Traps
Drive for Success |
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Definition
| making decisions based on a “win at all cost” attitude rather than on military rules, regulations, and codes of conduct |
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Term
Toner’s six tests
The Shame Test |
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Definition
| If your actions were publicized, would you be embarrassed, discredited, or humiliated? |
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Term
Toner’s six tests
The Community Test |
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Definition
| Besides your family, would you want your peers, neighbors, or friends to know? |
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Term
Toner’s six tests
The Legal Test |
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Definition
| Could you face legal action? Are you willing to face legal action? |
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Term
Toner’s six tests
The Situation Test |
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Definition
| Could you justify your action because of peculiar, special or extraordinary circumstances? |
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Term
Toner’s six tests
The God Test |
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Definition
| What would your religious leader say? Would you want the action done to you? Or would you want everyone to make the same decision? |
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Toner’s six tests
The Consequences Test |
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Definition
| Will the end justify the means? |
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Term
Ethical Principles
Three O’s |
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Definition
| owing, ordering, and oughting |
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Ethical Principles
Three P’s |
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Definition
| principle, purpose, people |
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Term
Ethical Principles
Three R’s |
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Definition
| rules, results, and realities |
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Term
Ethical Principles
Three D’s |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps will ensure SNCOs make the best ethical decision possible: |
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Definition
Step 1. Interpret the situation. What is the ethical dilemma?
Step 2. Analyze all the factors and forces that relate to the dilemma.
Step 3. Think about ethical traps
Step 4. After completing step 3, which includes selecting the best course of action, it’s time to implement
Step 5. Implement, monitor, and enforce the course of action you have chosen |
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Term
| Dr. Toner also believes that leaders should create and promote an ethical climate and foster ethical behavior using the following additional principles |
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Definition
- No rewards for unethical behavior
- Sanctions and forgiveness for mistakes
- Appropriate action taken for dereliction of duty
- Apply “Prudence First – Justice Second” |
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