Term
| What hormone? Stimulates bone and muscle growth |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? Stimulates milk production and secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? stimulates milk secretion during lactation |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? Responsible for female secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? Stimulates metabolic activity |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? Responsible for male secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? prepares endometrium for implantation/maintenance of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? stimulates follicle maturationin females and spermatogenesis in males |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? stimulates adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete cortisol |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? increases plasma Ca2+, increases bone resorption |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? decreases plasma Ca2+, increases bone formation |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone synthesis in males |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone? Stimulates thyroid to produce TH and uptake iodine |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? Growth hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? thyroid hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? Glucocortoids (cortisol) |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? progesterone |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? Prolactin |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? Oxytocin |
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Definition
| Secreted f/ the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary |
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Term
| Secreted from where? Atrial naturietic hormone (ANH) |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? glucagon |
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Definition
| alpha cells of the pancreas |
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Term
| Secreted from where? Testosterone (3) |
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Definition
| zona reticularis and testes and ovaries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? Vasopressin |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? calcitonin |
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Definition
| parafollicular cells (C cells) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla |
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Term
| Secreted from where? insulin |
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Definition
| beta cells of the pancreas |
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Term
| Secreted from where? estradiol |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? estriol |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? estrone |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? estrogen in males |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? somatostatin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? Mineralcorticoids |
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Definition
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Term
| Secreted from where? ACTH |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 4 hormones share the same alpha unit |
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Definition
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Term
| What 7 hormones arise f/ the anterior pituitary |
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Definition
| GH, prolactin, FSH, LH, TSH, MSH, ACTH |
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Term
| Which anterior pituitary hormones are basophils? |
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Definition
| "B-FLAT" FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH |
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Term
| What is a dopamine agonist used in treating prolactinomas? |
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Definition
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Term
| 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency? |
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Definition
| Hypertension and masculinization |
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Term
| 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency? |
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Definition
| Hypertension and phenoptypically female |
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Term
| 21-hydroxylase deficiency? |
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Definition
| HypOtension and masculinization |
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Term
| What are the 2 main causes of hypercalcemia? |
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Definition
1. Primary Hyperparathyroidism (adenoma, hyperplasia)
2. Malignancy (squamous cell cancers, bone invasion) |
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Term
| What is the MOA of bisphosphonates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two "signs" used to test for hypOcalcemia? |
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Definition
1. Chvostek's Sign
2. Trousseau's Sign |
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Term
| What is the cause of the hypErthyroidism? extremely tender thyroid gland |
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Definition
| Subacute/DeQuervain's thyroiditis |
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Term
| What is the cause of the hypErthyroidism? Pretibial myxedema |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of the hypErthyroidism? Palpation of a single thyroid nodule |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of the hypErthyroidism? palpation of multiple thyroid nodules |
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Definition
| toxic multinodular goiter |
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Term
| What is the cause of the hypErthyroidism? Recent study involving IV contrast dye (iodine) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of the hypErthyroidism? Eye changes: proptosis, edema, injection |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of the hypErthyroidism? Hx of thyroidectomy or radio-ablation of the thyroid |
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Definition
| replacing too much thyroid hormone |
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? most common type |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? second most common cause of thyroid cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? activation of receptor tyrosine kinases |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a risk factor |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? Cancer arising f/ parafollicular C cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? commonly associated w/ either a RAS mutation or a PAX-PPAR-gamma1 rearrangement |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? Commonly associated w/ rearrangements in RET oncogene or NTRK1 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of thyroid cancer? most common mutation in the BRAF gene (serine/threonine kinase) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 2 endocrine hormones use the cGMP signaling pathway? |
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Definition
| think vasodilators: ANP, NO |
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Term
| What is the pneumonic for the 5 endocrine hormones which utilize the IP3 signaling pathway? What are they? |
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Definition
| "GGOAT" GnRH, GHRH, Oxytocin, ADH (V1 receptor), TRH |
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Term
| What 6 hormones utilize the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway? |
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Definition
| "F-PPIIG" ...FGF, Prolactin, PDGF, Insulin, IGF-1, GH |
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Term
| An adult male with elevated serum cortisol levels and signs of Cushing's syndrome undergoes a dexamethosone suppression test. One mg does not decrease cortisol but 8 mg does. What is the dx? |
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Definition
| Pituitary adenoma producing excess ADH |
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Term
| A very tan child with a pale mother presents to the dr w/ hypOtension, what is the dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? lactic acidosis is a rare but worrisome side effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? Most common side effect is hypOglycemia |
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Definition
| insulin, 2nd generation sulfonureas |
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? also helps to lower TG and LDL cholesterol levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? not safe in settings of hepatic dysfxn or CHF |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? Should not be used in pts w/ elevated creatinine |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? should not be used in pts w/ liver cirrhosis, elevated serum creatinine, or IBD |
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Definition
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? hepatic serum transaminases should be carefully monitored when using these agents |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? No associated w/ wt gain, often used in overweight pts |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? metabolized by liver, excellent choice for pts w/ renal dz |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? primarily associated w/ postprandial hyperglycemia |
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Definition
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? MOA: closes K channels on Beta cells--> depolarization--> Ca influx--> insulin release |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? decreases gluconeogenesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Which oral diabetics agent? agonist at PPAR-gamma receptors--> improved target cell response to insulin |
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Definition
| glitazones (thazolidinediones) |
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Term
| How is hemoglobin glycolsylated in DM to form HA1c? |
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Definition
| non-enzymatic glycosylation |
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Term
| What tumor locations are associated with MEN1? |
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Definition
| "PPP"...Parathyroid, Pituitary, Pancreatic |
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Term
| What tumor locations are associated w/ MEN2a? |
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Definition
| "PPM"...Parathyroid, Pheochromocytoma, Medullary carcinoma of thyroid |
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Term
| What tumor locations are associated w/ Men2b? |
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Definition
| "PMM" Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid, Mucosal neuroma |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of Addison's dz? |
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Definition
| Autoimmune, low cortisol and aldosterone, hypOtension, wt loss, fatigue, skin hyperpigmentation |
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Term
| What is the MOA of propylthiouracil? |
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Definition
| Inhibits the incorporation/organification of iodine; also inhibits the peripheral conversion of T4-->T3 |
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Term
| What are 3 possible side effects of PTU and methimazole? |
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Definition
1. skin rash
2. agranulocytosis (rare)
3. aplastic anemia |
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Term
| What type of cells produce PTH? Calcitonin? |
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Definition
PTH: Chief cells of the parathyroid
Calcitonin: C cells of parafollicular cells of thyroid |
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Term
| Which 2 MEN subtypes are associated w/ RET mutations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which primary hormone is increased or decreased? Cushing's syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Which primary hormone is increased or decreased? Conn's syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Which primary hormone is increased or decreased? Addison's dz |
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Definition
| Decreased aldosterone and cortisol |
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Term
| Patient presents with multiple nodules on his oral mucosa amd a Marfan's habitus. What is the likely dx? |
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Definition
| MEN 2B (PMM)...Pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid carcinoma, and mucosal nodules/marfan habitus |
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Term
| Measurement of what substance will help you to dx MEN2b? |
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Definition
| Pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin test (will suggest thyroid C cell hyperplasia suggestive of medullary carcinoma) |
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