Term
|
Definition
| The City Beautiful Movement was a reform movement in architecture and urban planning that flourished in the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. It is closely associated with Chicago, Detroit, and Washington D.CC, with advocates believing that such beautification could thus promote a harmonious social order that would increase the quality of life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| John Nolen was an American landscape architect. He founded the Nolen Plan of 1908. He was hired not only to find locations for parks but also to prive a reason for theire existence. He recommended the creation of four state parks and provied guidelines for the establishment of a state park system. City of Madison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| William Penn was an English real estate entrepreneur founder of the Province of Pennsylvania. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed. He had a preference for country living, so his desire for parks and green space promoted health and safety. He planned it with consideration for future growth and expansion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Garden city movement is an approach to urban planning that was founded by Ebenezer Howard in 1898. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained, communities surrounded by greenbelts, containing carefully balanced areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Howard planned a pattern with open spaces and public parks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pierre Charles L'Enfant was a French-born American architect and civil engineer. In 1791 President George Washington appointed L'Enfant to design the new capital city in what would later be District of Columbia. His plan for Washington, D.C. combined grid with large diagonals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Daniel Burnham was an American architect and urban planner. He designed the Chicago Plan of 1909 which included a system of regional highways and arrangement of streets, as well as an extended park system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sir Ebenezer Howard founded the Garden city movement after the publication of Garden Cities of Tomorrow. The movement featured self-sustaining communities w/residential, commercial, and industrial areas but surrounded by an agricultural green belt. He also founded the "Garden Cities and Town Planning Association" to promote the concept of housing and planning and to improve the general standard of the profession through the international exchange of knowledge and experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Urban Park Movement was designed to bring playgrounds and open space to low-income, inner-city residents. It provided an escape from urban congestion and was designed to improve moral health. It promoted places of refuge and recreation and had a tremendous impact on the built environment as it rose to prominense in the 19th century. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Laws of the Indies were esetablished in 1573 by King Philip II of Spain and was "America's first planning legislation." Hundreds of Western cities were designed according to these laws. It contained 148 ordinaces for the planning of new cities such as narrow streets to promote shade in warm climates and precise guides for locations of buildings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Zoning refers to the legislative method of controlling the use of all the land in municipality by regulating use, lot size, bulk, height, density of population, setbacks, and yards of buildings. In 1916, New York City adopted the first zoning regulations to apply city-wide as a reaction to The Equitable Building which towered over the neighboring residences, diminishing the availability of sunshine. These laws set the pattern for zoning in the rest of the country. |
|
|
Term
| New York City Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance of 1916 |
|
Definition
| The NYC Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance of 1916 was the US' first comprehensive zoning resolution. It had 3 categories of use districts: residential, commercial, and unrestricted. It was used as a replacement for comprehensive planning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Ecological Footprint is a resource management tool that measures how much land and water area a human population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes under prevailing technology. This is associated with sustainability and how urban planners and policy try to work to sustain the earth's resources. |
|
|
Term
| California Environmental Quality Act |
|
Definition
| requires state and local agencies within California to follow a protocol of analysis and public disclosure of the potential environmental impacts of development projects. Because CEQA makes environmental protection a mandatory part of every California state and local agency's decision making process, it has become a model for environmental protection laws in other states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US federal law that gave an applicant freehold title to up to 160 acres of undeveloped land outside the original 13 colonies. 3 steps included: file an application, improve the land, and file for deed of title. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Law passed by Congress that allowed for sales of land in the Northwest Territory and set up standards for land sale that became precedents. Among them was the idea of selling mile-square sections of land. (Before Homestead Act and after Revolutionary War ended. US couldn't tax so they tried selling land). |
|
|
Term
| National Environmental Policy Act |
|
Definition
| Federal law declaring that it is a policy of federal and state govts to use all means available to promote general welfare of the natural environment. All environmental impacts but be fully understood and justified before action is taken. |
|
|
Term
| Standard City Planning Enabling Act |
|
Definition
Covered six subjects:
1. the organization and power of the planning commision
2. content of the master plan for the physical development of the territory
3. provision for adoption of a master street plan by the governing body
4. provision for approval of all public improvements planning commission
5. control of private subdivision of land
6. provision for the establishment of a regional planning commission and a regional plan |
|
|
Term
| Standard State Zoning Enabling Act of 1922 |
|
Definition
– a provision that the legislative body could divide the local government's territory into districts;
– a statement of purpose for the zoning regulations;
– procedures for establishing and amending the zoning regulations;
– Required a legislative body to establish a zoning commission to advise it on the initial development of zoning regulations.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Father of American landscape architecture. Famous for co-designing many well-known urban parks including Central and Prospect Park in NYC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British general and founder of the colony of Georgia. Designed the Savannah Plan of 1733, which included key characteristics of repetitious pattern of connected neighborhoods, central squares, and streets. Also included ward system - a rare example of early efforts to plan for city growth and incorporate it into the city design. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| major proponent of the Garden City Movement. Collaborated with Stein on the plan for Sunnyside Gardens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| architect best remembered for co-designing New York's Central Park. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889 - settlement houses were meant to improve distressed urban neighborhoods by living in the neighborhoods and providing services to the residents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Director of Agricultural Adjustment Administration after being appointed by FDR. Also director of NYC Planning Commission. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is to provide both a reference for experienced planners and training materials for new planners. Goes over topics of general interests to planners in California. |
|
|
Term
| Chicago World Fair of 1893 |
|
Definition
| The Chicago World Fair of 1893 was designed to be a grand exposition to showcase the latest technological innovations from around the world. It launched the City Beautiful Movement. It was designed by Daniel Burnham with the site plan designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. This led to wide scale interest in preparing plans for cities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Philadelphia was planned by William Penn. The location was selected to facilitate trade & commerce. It had a center square at the intersection of two major boulevards while the city was divided into four quadrants. It was planned with consideration for future growth and expansion, as well as a desire for parks and green space to promote health and safety. |
|
|
Term
| Plan for Washington, D.C. |
|
Definition
| The plan for Washington, D.C. was planned by L'Enfant in 1791. It was influenced by Baroque planning traditions and was developed around 15 public squares. The plan combined grid with large diagonals. The diagonals were designed to unite key focal points in the city. It took decades for L'Enfant's plan to be executed and many of his original ideas were not included |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Designed by Daniel Burnham in 1909. Major aspects of the plan included improvement of the lakefront and expanding the parks along the Lake Michigan shoreline; a regional highway system; improvement of railway terminals; systematic arrangement of streets; new outer parks; and civic and cultural centers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Letchworth Garden City was founded in 1903 by Ebenezer Howard and was one of the first new towns, and is the world's first Garden City. Its development inspired similar projects around the world. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained, communities surrounded by greenbelts, containing carefully balanced areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. |
|
|
Term
| Fulton & Shigley's Six Ongoing Issues That Affect All Planning Efforts in California |
|
Definition
- Political nature of the planning process
- State-local fiscal crisis
- Competition and lack of cooperation
- High housing prices
- Sprawl vs. compact urban form
- Property rights
|
|
|
Term
| Fulton & Shigley's Three Socioeconomic Trends Shaping the Planning Environment in California |
|
Definition
- Population growth and demographic changes
- Population redistribution within the state
- Dwindling land supply
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The charrette workshop is designed to stimulate ideas and involve the public in the community planning/design process. It is a valuable took for laying the foundation for the development of a more formal plan. It is most effective as a component of the formal planning and design process. |
|
|
Term
| Settlement House Movement |
|
Definition
| Main object was the establishment of "settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class settlement workers would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Police power is the power of a governmental entity to restrict private activity in order to achieve a broad public benefit. In California, police power is used to protect the health, safety, morals, and welfare of the public. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aimed to incorporate modern planning principles, just like Garden Cities in England. "Community within a community" and "superblock." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Top of pyramid:
Single-Family Residential
Multi-Family Residential
Commercial
Industrial |
|
|
