Term
| Properties of Live Virus Vaccines |
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Definition
Route of Administration: Natural or injection
Dose of Virus: Low Cost
Name of Doses: Single
Need for adjuvant: No
Duration or immunity: Many years
Antibody Respose: IgG; IgA
Cell-mediated response: Good
Heat Lability in Tropics: Yes
Interference: Occasional: OPV only
Side Effects: Occasional Mild Symptoms
Reversion to virulence: rarely: OPV only |
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Term
| Properties of Inactivated Virus |
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Definition
Route of Administration: injection
Dose of Virus: High Cost
Name of Doses: Multiple
Need for adjuvant: Yes
Duration or immunity: Generally Less
Antibody Respose: IgG; IgA
Cell-mediated response: Poor
Heat Lability in Tropics: No
Interference: Occasional: No
Side Effects: Occasional sore arm
Reversion to virulence: rarely: no |
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Term
| Advantages of Synthetic Peptides as Potential Vaccines |
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Definition
Short defined amino acid sequence representing protective epitopes only
Conserved sequence normally nonimmunogenic may be cross-protective
Priming with peptide may allow anamnestic response to challenge
Artificial constructs containing epitopes or more than one viral protein may be engineered |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Synthetic Peptide as Potential Vaccines |
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Definition
Poorly immunogenic hence adjuvant, carrier, and/or liposome essential
Most epitopes conformational and perhaps discontinuous, hence mimotopes may need to be constructed
May be too specific, not protecting, against naturally occurring, variants
Single- epitope vaccine will readily select single point mutants
Recipients lacking appropriate class II HLA antigen will fail to respond |
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Term
| Advantages Defined Antigen Vaccines |
|
Definition
Production and quality control simple
No Nucleic acid, no extraneous proteins or lipid, hence less toxic
Safer in the case of virus that are particularly dangerous or that may cause cancer or establish persistent infection
Feasible even if virus cannot be cultured |
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Term
| Disadvantages of Defined Antigen Vaccines |
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Definition
May be less immunogenic than conventional inactivated whole virus vaccines
Requires adjuvant or lipsosomes
Requires primary course or infections followed by boosters
fails to elicit cell-mediated immunity |
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Term
| What viral vaccines are attenuated? |
|
Definition
| Yellow Fever, Poliomyelitis, Measles, Rubella, Mumps, |
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Term
| What viruses are Inactivated? |
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Definition
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