Term
ALL
1) somatic sensory
2) somatic motor
3) parasympathetic
4) special sensory
5) visceral afferent |
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Definition
| what modalities does the vagus nerve carry? |
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Term
1)laryngeal mucosa
2) back of external ear
3) outer surface of tympanic membrane
4) meninges |
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Definition
| what does the vagus nerve provide somatic sensory to? |
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Term
1) palatoglossus
2) levator palati
3)all muscle of the pharynx EXCEPT sylopharyngeus (IX)
4) all muscles of the larynx EXCEPT 1?
(4th and 6th arches) |
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Definition
| what does the vagus nerve provide somatic motor to? |
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Term
1) thoracic and abdominal viscera
2) in head and neck, just pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa |
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Definition
| what does the vagus provide parasympathetic innervation to? |
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Term
| some taste buds on the posterior tongue and epiglottis |
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Definition
| what does the vagus provide speciall sensory innervation to? |
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Term
1) lots to thoracic and abdominal viscera
2) also gets info from the chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in the aortic arch
*glossopharyngeal does this in the carotid bifurcation |
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Definition
| what does the vagus provide visceral afferent innervation to? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the branch of the vagus nerve that supplies somatic sensory to the back of the ear and tympanic membrane |
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Term
1)somatic sensory cell bodies
2) special sensory (taste) cell bodies? |
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Definition
| what kind of cell bodies are in the superior vagal ganglion? |
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Term
| right after exiting the skull at the Jugular foramen |
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Definition
| where are the 2 vagal ganglion? |
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Term
1) somatic sensory to mucosa of larynx
2) taste
#) parasympathetics to mucosa of larynx |
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Definition
| what information is carried by the internal laryngeal nerve? |
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Term
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Definition
| what nerve is responsible for the cough reflex? |
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Term
| recurrent laryngeal nerve |
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Definition
| what nerve becomes the inferior laryngeal nerve at the cricoid cartilage where it enters the larynx? |
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Term
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Definition
| where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve turn upward? |
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Term
1) motor to all laryngeal muscles EXCEPT 1 & pharynx EXCEPT stylopharyngeus
2) somatic sensory to larynx mucosa
3) parasympathetics |
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Definition
| what information is carried by the recurrent laryngeal nerve? |
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Term
| the meningeal branch (pops off the superior ganglion) |
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Definition
| what branch of the vagus supplies the meninges with somatic sensation? |
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Term
INNER: CN IX (tympanic nerve)
OUTER: V3(auriculotemporal), VII(posterior auricular), X(auricular) |
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Definition
| describe the innervation of the tympanic membrane |
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Term
sensory: CN X auricular branch
motor: CN X parasympathetic branch
happens if you squirt cold water in someones ear |
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Definition
| describe the sensory/motor loop of the vomit reflex in the ear |
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Term
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Definition
| how many nerve pathways suppy 2nd branchial arch derrivatives? |
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Term
| the Pharyngeal branch/plexus with branches to the soft palate |
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Definition
| what branch of vagus provides somatic motor to the palate muscles? |
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Term
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Definition
| what nerve branches into internal and external laryngeal nerve? |
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Term
| external laryngeal nerve (this is it's only muscle) |
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Definition
| what nerve provides motor innervation to cricothyroid? |
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Term
the Right recurrent laryngeal
the left one wraps around the AORTIC ARCH and is anchored by ligamentum arteriosum |
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Definition
| what nerve is between the trachea and esophagus and then wraps around the subclavian artery? |
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Term
1) pharyngeal plexus
2) internal laryngeal nerve
3) recurrent/inferior laryngeal nerve
4) superior laryngeal nerve
5) CN X to the thorax/abdomen |
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Definition
| list the branches of vagus that have parasympathetic innervation |
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|
Term
1) parasympathetics
2) somatic motor
3) somatic sensory
4) taste |
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Definition
| what information is carried by the superior laryngeal nerve? |
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Term
sensory: special sensory (Taste) - internal laryngeal
motor: parasympathetics to the gut |
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Definition
| describe the sensory/motor components of the vomit reflex in the throat |
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Term
1) superior laryngeal
2) internal layngeal |
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Definition
| list the vagus nerves that carry special sensory info |
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Term
1)visceral afferent
2)taste
3)somatic sensory
NO MOTOR OR PARASYMPATHETICS |
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Definition
| what cell bodies lie in the nodose ganglion (inferior vagal ganglion)? |
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Term
1) Sinus branch
2) CN X to thorax and abdomen |
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Definition
| name the visceral afferent branches of vagus |
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Term
| vagus X, and glossopharyngeal IX |
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Definition
| what 2 nerves supply the carotid sinus and carotid body? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the laryngeal cartilage that helps cover the airway when swallowing |
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Term
suspended from the hyoid via the thyrohyoid ligaments
the hyoid is suspended by the suprahyoid muscles and the stylohyoid |
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Definition
| what is the larynx suspended from, and how? |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of joints are between the larynx cartilages? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the only laryngeal cartilage around the airway |
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Term
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Definition
| name the 2 big flat wing areas of the thyroid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| what part of the thyroid cartilage corresponds with the adams apple and is the v shaped part where the lamina meet? |
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Term
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Definition
| what part of the thyroid cartilage makes a synovial hinge joint with the cricoid cartilage? |
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Term
| muscles/ lateral thyroid ligaments (NOT A JOINT) |
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Definition
| what interacts with the superior horn of the thyroid? |
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Term
| 90-120 degrees, the airway sits in it |
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Definition
| how big is the thyroid angle and what sits in it? |
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Term
| the anterior portion is thinner and shorter |
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Definition
| which side of the cricoid cartilage is thinner? which side is taller? |
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Term
it has facets to articulate with
1) the arytenoid cartilage
2) the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage
this is important for voice |
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Definition
| why is the back of the cricoid thicker? what is this important for? |
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Term
| in the angle of the thyroid, attached via the thyro-epiglottic ligament |
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Definition
| where does the anterior portion of the epiglottis sit? what attaches to it? |
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Term
| the arytnoid moves on top of the cricoid |
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Definition
| which cartilage moves, the arytnoid cartilage, or the cricoid cartilage? |
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Term
1) apex (corniculate catilage)
2) muscular process (muscles)
3) vocal process (vocal ligaments
4) the base articulates with cricoid |
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Definition
| list the 3 corners of the arytnoid cartilage and what each attaches to |
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Term
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Definition
| what laryngeal cartilages look like grains of rice? |
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Term
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Definition
| what cartilages of unknown function are hook shaped and sit on the apex of the arytnoid cartilage in a fold of CT? |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes this cartilage in the larynx ossifies to look like a foreign object in the neck, it sits on the free back edge of the thyroid membrane between the superior horns of thyroid and hyoid, name it |
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Term
1)the thyroid membrane
2) median thyrohyoid ligament (thickened anterior part)
3) lateral thyrohyoid ligament |
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Definition
| what ligament(S) suspend(S) the thyroid cartilage from the hyoid? |
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Term
| the cricotracheal ligament |
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Definition
| name the ligament between the first tracheal ring and the cricoid |
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Term
| the middle of the thyroid cartialge to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage |
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Definition
| from where to where are the vocal ligaments suspended? |
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Term
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Definition
| what's another name for the cricothyroid ligament? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the CT wall epiglottis between the vestibular ligament and aryepiglottic fold? |
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Term
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Definition
| what ligament is parallel and superior to the vocal ligaments, but doesn't move as much? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the v shaped space between the vocal ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
| name the initial part of the airway below the inlet, but above the vestibular ligament, bouded by the quadrangular ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| name the side pouch(es) below the vestibule that is used in non-humans to amplify voice |
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Term
| it forms an anterior boundary |
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Definition
| what side of the airway is the epiglottis on? |
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Term
| the vocal folds + the space between them(rima glottidis) |
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Definition
| what makes up the region known as the glottis? |
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Term
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Definition
| what airway region is the rima glottidis just below? |
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Term
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Definition
| what part of the airway is below the vocal folds and above the trachea, and is bounded by the conus elasticus? |
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Term
the upper part is the vestibular fold (false vocal cord) -it's just a ligament
the lower part is the TRUE vocal folds with the vocal ligaments |
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Definition
| what sits on either side of the venticle in the airway? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is below the infraglottic cavity? |
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Term
superior: tip of the epiglottis
inferior: inferior border of cricoid cartilage |
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Definition
| what bounds the larynx superiorly and inferiorly? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is formed by mucosa over the quadrangular ligament? |
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Term
1)adductors/abductors
2)sphincters
3) tensors/relaxers |
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Definition
| what are the 3 types of laryngeal muscles? |
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Term
| lateral cricothyroid (decreases size of rima glottidis by bringing the vocal folds toward the midline) |
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Definition
| what is the most important laryngeal adductors? |
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Term
ADDUCTORS: move vocal folds to midline to close airway
ABDUCTORS: move folds away from midline to open the airway |
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Definition
| what is referred to when talking about abduction/adduction of the laryngeal muscles? |
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Term
| posterior crycoarytenoid (opens the rima glottis by pulling the vocal folds laterally) |
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Definition
| what is the ONLY ABductor laryngeal muscle? |
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Term
1) lateral crycoarytnoid
2) oblique arytenoids
3) transverse arytenoids
4) aryepiglotticus
they all narrow the laryngeal inlet during swallowing |
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Definition
| list the sphincters of the larynx, what do they do? |
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Term
TENSOR: cricothyroid
RELAXER: thyroarytenoid
BOTH: Vocalis (fine scale both)
these stretch or put slack on the vocal ligaments to alter pitch like a guitar string |
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Definition
| list the tensors/relaxers of the laryngeal muscles, what is their function? |
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Term
o: cricoid cartilage
i: arytenoid cartilage muscular process |
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Definition
| list the origin and insertion of lateal cricoartenoid |
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Term
1) most important ADDuctor of the vocal folds (spins arytnoid cartilages to close the vocal folds)
2) also acts as a sphincter for cough reflex
recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates |
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Definition
| list the function and innervation of lateral cricoarytnoid |
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Term
ONLY ABDUCTOR of vocal folds
reccurent laryngeal nerve
it works by pulling the muscluar process of the arytenoids posteriorly, which moves the vocal processes laterally |
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Definition
| what is the function of psoterior cricoarytenoid? what innervates it? |
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Term
they ADDUCT the artenoid cartilages (they span from the left one to the right) which closes the space between them at the posterior end of the glottis
ALSO = sphincters
RECCURENT LARYNGEAL N. |
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Definition
| what is the action of the oblique and transverse arytenoids, and what innervates them? |
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Term
it tenses the vocal folds by rocking the thyroid back and forth to adjust pitch
ONLY muscle with EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE
note: lateral CRICO-ARYTNOID is reccurent laryngeal |
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Definition
| what is the action of crycothyroid? what innervates it? |
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Term
vocalis
both recurrent laryngeal |
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Definition
| the most medial part of the thyroarytenoid forms this muscle(name it) what are both of these innervated by? |
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Term
ABDUCT: posterior cricoarytenoid
NERVE: cricothyroid (external laryngeal n) |
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Definition
THE EXCEPTIONS:
what muscle ABDUCTS in the larynx?
what muscle is not innervated by recurrent laryngeal? |
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Term
external: somatic motor only
internal: somatic sensory, parasympathetics, taste |
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Definition
| what info is carried by the external laryngeal nerve? the internal? |
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Term
| cadaveric, (about 1/2 way closed) |
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Definition
| what position are the vocal folds in if all innervation of the laryngeal muscles are interrupted? |
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Term
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Definition
| what position are the vocal folds in if the recurrent laryngeal nerve is damage? |
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Term
1) maximum abduction
2) quiet respiration
3) cadaveric
4) paramedian |
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Definition
| list the positions of the vocal fold from most open to most closed |
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Term
| adducted(closed) vocal folds, open vestibule |
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Definition
| what position are the vocal folds in phonation? the vestibule? |
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Term
| vocal folds ABducted, vestibule open |
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Definition
| what position are the vocal folds in forced inspiration? the vestibule? |
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Term
| vocal folds (and vestibular folds) ADDucted (closed), vestibule closed |
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Definition
| what position are the vocal folds in effort closure (coughing)? the vestbule? |
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Term
1)normal vocal cord positions and movements
2) a slightly LOWER, more MONOTONE voice, which may improve with time
(this is due to paralysis of CRICOTHYROID) |
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Definition
| what symptoms occur when the superior laryngeal nerve is paralyzed unilaterally? |
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Term
1) paramedian position of vocal folds
2) initial hoarseness, but voice may improve withe time
3) weakness in singing and shouting
4) no problems coughing
5) some dyspnea with excercise |
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Definition
| what are the symptoms of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis? |
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Term
1) both cords in paramedian position
2) weak, but good quality speaking voice
3) no problems coughing
4) SERIOUS problems breathing
5) stridor on inhalation
6) no exercise is posible
need surgery to remove a chunk of the vocal fold to maintain the airway |
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Definition
| what are the symptoms of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis? how do you fix this? |
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Term
| a symptom of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis = a high pitched wheezing sound due to turbulent airflow in the airway |
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Definition
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Term
1) vocal cord immobile and fixed in cadaveric position
2) no problem with dyspnea if opposite cord can abduct
3) Stridor on deep inhalation
4) voice is hoarse and breathy
5) problems coughing |
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Definition
| what are the symptoms of unilateral paralysis of the entire larynx? |
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Term
1) both cords immobile and fixed in cadaveric position
2) dyspnea with exercise
3) stridor on deep inhalation
4) speaking is practically impossible
5) coughing is impossible |
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Definition
| what are the symptoms of bilateral paralysis of the entire larynx? |
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Term
| surgically and incision is made(so the tissue can rejoin), then the two parts of the cleft are sewn together |
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Definition
| how is a laryngeal cleft treated? |
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Term
| between the trachea and the esophagus, through the cartilage |
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Definition
| where is the laryngeal cleft? |
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Term
| severing one or both of the vagus trunks as they pass onto the stomach from the esophagus |
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Definition
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Term
1) used to be used for stomach ulcers to decrease stomach acid
2) now used to treat obesity |
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Definition
| what are vagotomies used to treat? |
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Term
| parasympathetics to the stomach are thought to increase the secretion of ghrelin, a hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to stimulate apetite |
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Definition
| how do vagotomies help treat obesity? |
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Term
1)an implanted device like a pacemaker 2)or breathing exercises like the valsalva maneuver is used
to treat epilepsy and depression |
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Definition
| what is vagal nerve stimulation used for? how is it done |
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