Term
| Which valves are responsible for the first heart sound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which valves are responsible for the second heart sound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many grades of murmur are there? |
|
Definition
| 6 for systolic and 4 for diastolic |
|
|
Term
| What are the consequences of a bicuspid aortic valve? |
|
Definition
| Increased susceptibility to stenosis or regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of aortic regurgitation? |
|
Definition
1) Collapsing pulse
2) Wide pulse pressure
3) Displaced apex beat |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat aortic regurgitation? |
|
Definition
1) Manage BP and monitor
2) Replace before LV dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of aortic regurgitation? |
|
Definition
1) Collapsing pulse
2) Wide pulse pressure
3) Displaced apex beat |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of aortic regurgitation? |
|
Definition
1) Collapsing pulse
2) Wide pulse pressure
3) Displaced apex beat |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of mitral stenosis? |
|
Definition
1) Malar flush
2) Low volume pulse
3) AF |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat mitral stenosis? |
|
Definition
1) Treat AF
2) Treat heart failure
3) Replace valve before LV damaged irreversibly |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of mitral regurgitation? |
|
Definition
1) Displaced apex beat
2) 3rd heart sound
3) Can lead to congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of tricuspid regurgitation? |
|
Definition
1) Secondary to right ventricular failure:
- cor pulmonale
- congestive heart disease
- mitral valve disease
2) IV drug abuse (infective endocarditis)
3) Carcinoid syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of tricuspid regurgitation? |
|
Definition
1) Raised JVP (giant systolic, v, waves)
2) Enlarged pulsatile liver
3) Ankle oedema
4) Ascites if severe |
|
|
