Term
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Definition
| opening snap following S2 d/t stiff mitral valve; as it gets worse, diastolic low-pitched murmur; duration increases with severity of stenosis; heard at apex in left lateral decubitus position |
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Term
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Definition
acute: LA pressure rises, may cause pulmonary edema
chronic: LA progressive enlargement, but no significant increase in LA pressure
DOE and fatigue gradually worsen; LA enlargement leads to afib; predisposes to infective endocarditis; pansystolic murmur maximal at apex; radiates to axilla/base; hyperdynamic LV impulse; S3 due to increased volume returning to LV in diastole |
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Term
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Definition
| usually asymptomatic; sometimes nonspecific chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations; most pts. thin females, some with skeletal deformities; auscultation mid-systolic clicks; if dont close completely - late systolic murmur, accentuated when standing |
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Term
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Definition
| sxs appear 50-65 yp when valves calcify; may produce typical ejection type murmur; in pliable valve will also hear ejection click; systolic ejection murmur transmitted to neck or apex; severe: LV heave or thrill, weak S2; LVH progressive, elevation in ventricular EDP, CO maintained until severe; LV failure, angina, syncope |
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Term
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Definition
chronic: only sign for years is soft diastolic murmuer
progressively, diastolic BP falls, LV enlarges
LV failure late finding; frequent sx: DOE and fatigue, PND, pulmonary edema possible, angina, atypical pain, compensatory LV dilation
High SV, wide arterial pulse pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| RHF, hepatomegaly, ascites, dependent edema, elevated JVP w/a wave, diastolic rumble increases with inspiration, along LLSB |
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Term
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Definition
| same as RVF from any cause; look at JVP, x wave becomes obliterated; might hear S3, afib not uncommon |
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Term
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Definition
hyperdynamic RV can be palpated
wide split s2
systolic clicks, right sided gallop
enlarged pulmonary arteries on CXR and elevated JVP and RV heave |
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