Term
capillaries are pretty much sites of WHAT |
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Definition
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what is the structure of vessel walls from the inside out |
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Definition
tunica interta>tunica media>tunica externa |
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tunica interna-makes up what part of the vessel |
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Definition
the endothelium, single layer of cells. side facing lumen, per say |
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tunica media-what is it made of |
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Definition
circular smooth musle-elastin |
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Term
tunica externa-what is it made of |
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Definition
collagen, (which is connective tissue) |
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Term
pressure gradient governs WHAT |
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Definition
the flow, of blood in this case |
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Term
in terms of the body, what force OPPOSES flow |
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Definition
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in terms of vessel what determines flow |
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Definition
vessel radius (r) little r lolz |
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Term
so what is fricks law, the formula is? |
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Definition
flow is (change in P)/R
R is vascular resistance. |
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Term
what in the body produces the pressure gradient. what is this "pressure" called? |
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Definition
the heart! pushing blood around. blood pressure. |
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Term
what causes most resistance in terms of blood flow |
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Definition
friction between blood and walls of blood vessel |
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Term
3 sources of resistance in terms of blood flow |
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Definition
1. blood viscosity 2.length of vessel 3. vessel radius |
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Term
in poiseuille's law..which factors are physiologically controlled? |
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Definition
Change in big P, and little r (vessel radius) |
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Term
what does poisuille's law state |
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Definition
the there will be a pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe |
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Term
what is critical closing pressure- |
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Definition
the pressure that below which a vessel will collapse and stop blood flow |
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Term
what is laplace's law state? |
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Definition
the force (or tension) streching a vessel wall open is proportional to the vessel's diameter X BP
so pretty much a bigger vessel will have more tension. thats why aneurysms tend to happen in larger vessels so the |
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Term
whats the laplace formula |
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Definition
tension alpha(proportional) radius*pressure |
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Term
in terms of vessel whats does compliance mean? |
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Definition
means they can stretch to accommodate a higher volume of blood |
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Term
if a vessel if highy or not very compliant what does that mean |
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Definition
highly compliant-can accomodate a large increase in volume of blood, even with a small increase in pressure
not very compliant-these vessels are stiffer and do not accommodate a large increase in volume when P increases |
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Term
vascular compliance formula |
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Definition
increase in V/increase in P |
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Term
at what point in the systemic circulation is there a stepp drop in vessel pressure |
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Definition
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Term
what are the two types of arteries |
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Definition
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Term
are arteries high or low resistance pipes.
what is the other function of arteries, esp elastic arteries |
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Definition
low resistance
they function as a pressure reservoir |
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Term
during systole. the stroke volume of blood is being ejected, which stretches out what type of walls in what type of arteries |
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Definition
compliant walls, in elastic arteries |
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Term
when systole end stretches arterial walls recoile, continuing to drive blood into __________ during ________ |
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Definition
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Term
does arterial pressure drop to zero during diastole? |
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Definition
FUCK NO bp is 120 over FUCKING 80!!!! |
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Term
during diastole does ventricular pressure drop to almost zero? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
systolic-diastolic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
force/unit area exerted by blood on wall of blood vessel |
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Term
when do you here the 1st "bumps" of the systolic pressure when taking a bp |
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Definition
when the pressure of the cuff drops just below the actual systolic bp |
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Term
when do you stop hearing sounds when taking a bp-hat has happened to the vessel |
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Definition
the cuff pressure is below diastolic pressure, and the vessel is totally open..no sound can be heard |
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Term
what is MAP, what is it's formula |
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Definition
mean arterial pressure.
formula-diastolic pressure+1/3 pulse pressure. |
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Term
why does the MAP increase then level off as you get older |
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Definition
at 1st sys and dia pressure go up parallel-ly, then around age 50 the MAP levels off bc systolic pressure keeps going up while diastolic pressure drops. |
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Term
arterioles play a major role in what 2 things. one has to do with perfusion, the other in something with pressire |
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Definition
1. they determine relative blood flow to tissues (blood flow distibution) 2.they play major role in MAP (due to effect on total peripheral distance |
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Term
what do arterioles have around them that lets them control blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
what happens when the smnooth muscles of vessel are contracted and relaxed |
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Definition
vasoconstriction/vasodilation |
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Term
a SMALL increase in radius results in what in terms of blood flow |
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Definition
BIG increase of blood flow..remember R=1/(r^4) |
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Term
3 mechs that regulate artiolar radius (LNH) |
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Definition
local control, neurtal (reflex control), hormonal control |
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Term
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Definition
blood flow adjusted to meet tissue's need |
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Term
what are some local stimuli that will cause arterioles to dilate (5)
is this intrinsic/extrinsic control |
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Definition
-low o2 -high C02 -ph change
local-intrinsic -metabolites, K+ -bradykinin-peptide that causes vessles to enlarge |
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Term
are any local "intrinsic controls" of controling arterilolar radii important in map regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
flow autoregulation-what happens if there is decreased bp in an organ. also what 2 factors can cause this, and lastly does this affect MAP regulation |
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Definition
there is arteriolar dilation in the organ to restore blood flow
2 factors-decreased 02, increased metabolites
this is NOT important for MAP regulation |
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Term
what effect does sympathetic stimulation have on arteriolar radii. ALso, what receptor is stimulated in the case of vasoconstriction. |
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Definition
inc symp. stim. results in vaso contriction. decr. symp stim=vasodilation.
the receptor affected is the alpha-adrengergic receptors |
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Term
upon sym. stimulation by epi and nor epi which receptor is activated that causes vasoCONSTRICTION |
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Definition
ALPHA adrenergic receptors |
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Term
upon symp. stim by just epi, what receptor is activated that causes vasoDILATION |
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Definition
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Term
is reflex (neural control) of the arteriloar radii intrinsic or extrinsic? and is it important in MAP regulation |
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Definition
extrinsic, yes it is important im MAP regulation |
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Term
for epi, vessels with which adrenergic receptors will constrict |
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Definition
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Term
what is angrioTENSIN (hint hint), what is it part of (indian dance stick-hint hint) |
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Definition
strong vasoconstrictor, part of RAAS |
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Term
hey john don't be a lazy fat fuck or you won;t get into med school..you lazy fat fuck |
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Definition
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Term
is whoremoanal control of arteriloar radii intrinsic or extrinsic,and is it impiortant for MAP regulation |
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Definition
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Term
what are cap walls made of-pretty much what layer of vessel that I'm already familiar with |
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Definition
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Term
3 types of capillaries CSF |
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Definition
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
what type (intrinsic/extrinsic) control...controls precapillary sphincters in true capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
how fast does blood in capillaries move? |
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Definition
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Term
in capillaries, where does exchange actually happen. |
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Definition
between blood and interstitial fluid. |
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Term
in capillaries, what is bulk flow |
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Definition
when small solutes are trapped in water micells and are carried in between cells into the interstitial fluid |
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Term
in terms of capillaries, what is filtration |
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Definition
fluid moving OUT of capillaries, also out of blood |
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Term
in terms of capillaries, what is reabsorbtion |
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Definition
back into blood, (back into capillary) |
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Term
in terms of the capillaries, what is hydrostatic pressure? and what end of the cap. is there this pressure |
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Definition
the filtration force..force exerted on vessel wall by blood
this force is at the artiole end |
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Term
in terms of capillaries, what is colloid osmotic pressure? what end of the cap is there this pressure |
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Definition
reabsorbtion force, the force of interstitial fluid exerted on the cap. wall
at the venous end |
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Term
in terms of capillaries..more fluids goes ____ at teh arterial end, and more fluid goes _____ at the venous end. what are teh two offical words used |
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Definition
out>reabsorbtion filtration>reabsorbtion |
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Term
near the capillaries..what system collects excess fluid |
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Definition
lymph system/lymph capillaries |
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Term
failure of the lymphatic system leads to WHAT...and why |
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Definition
leads to edema, the lypm system cannot drain the excess fluids |
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Term
what can cause failure of the lymp system/edema (FCSR) |
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Definition
filariasis, chemotherapy, surg, radiation |
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Term
average mmHG in for systemic veins |
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Definition
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Term
what 2 characteristics of veins help with returning blood to the heart |
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Definition
large diameters, valves, that prevent backflow |
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Term
what causes varicose veins. also whats wrong with the valves and what does that lead to |
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Definition
weakness and loss of elasticity
-valves don't close which lets blood back flow |
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Term
are veins high or low in compliance, also what does that mean |
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Definition
HIGH, they can accompany large volumes of blood with a relativly little increase in pressure |
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Term
venous pressure determines venous _____. which is a major determinant of ______ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
total blood volume is a determinant of _________, and thus venous return |
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Definition
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Term
what effect would sym. stim have on venous walls. and what will that eventually lead too |
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Definition
decreased compliance=stiffer venous walls>leads to more venous retirn |
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Term
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Definition
veins compress when muscles squeeze, sending blood back to heart. as the muscles squuuze blood moves past open valved toward heart, but valves do not open backwards which prevents backflow. |
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Term
respiratory pump-what is it and why does this happen |
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Definition
decreased pressure in heart facilitates return of blood. this happens because when you inhale pressure in the thoracic cavity drops more expanding the lung and cardiac chamber. |
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Term
low pressure means Low or HIGH resistance |
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Definition
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