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Vert Lecture 7 Review
BIO 434 Exam 2
36
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
10/16/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Integument
Definition

Skin.

Functions:

Border, protection, osmotic regulation, shape, diffusion of gases, gather/radiate heat.

Term
Layers of the Integument
Definition

Epidermis (outter)

Dermis (inner)

Term
Epidermis
Definition

Outter layer.

Forms from single layer ectoderm to multilayered epidermis.

Initially forms the stratum base.

Covered by mucus coat.

Outter keratinized coat/cornified layer.

Term
Stratum Base
Definition

Deepest layer of epidermis.

Directly adjacent to basement membrane.

Proliferating layer (constantly dividing)

First cells formed become the periderm.

Term
Keratinocytes
Definition

Keratin=Dead cells.

Cells that make/produce keratin.

Term
Dermis
Definition

Composed of collagen fiber connective tissue that can be woven into plies.

Forms from the dermatome (mesoderm) and mesynchyme (individual cells of the layer).

Location of dermal bone formation.

Contains chromatophores, nerves, and blood vessels.

Term
Dermatome
Definition

Derived from the mesoderm.

Migrates inward.

Term
Mesynchyme
Definition

Individual cells of the layer.

Loose association of mesodermal cells.

Term
Dermal bone
Definition
Plate of bone formed via intramembrane ossification.
Term
Intramembrane Ossification
Definition
Bones formed from mesynchyme without cartilage precursor.
Term
Chromatophores
Definition
Pigment cells that come from the neural crests.
Term
Fish Skin
Definition

Nonkeratinized

Mucus Coat: Hydrophobic Layer

Two cell types: Epidermal (mucus coat), Unicellular (4 types of glands)

Term
Fish Skin: 4 types of Unicellular glands
Definition

1. Club Cells: release chemicals that warn others of  danger.

2. Grandular Cells: produce mucus

3. Goblet Cells: produce mucus

4. Sacciform Cells: Releases repellant/toxin.

Term
Fish Skin: Sharks
Definition

No dermal bone.

Placoid Scales: 3 parts

  1. enamel: from epidermis
  2. dentin: from dermis
  3. pulp cavity
Scales decrease friction drag for swimming.
Term
Fish Skin: Teleosts (bony fish)
Definition

Scales formed in dermis, but don't pierce epidermis (dermal scales)

Multilayered epidermis.

Term
Dermal Scales
Definition
Scales formed in the dermis but don't pierce the epidermis - give the impression of hard skin.
Term
Teleolast Scale
Definition
Acellular Bone.
Term
Tetrapod Skin
Definition

keratinized (**)

Multicellular glands in the dermis that reaches the surface through ducts.

Fish Difference: Glands are epidermal and unicellular.

 

Term
Tetrapod Skin: Amphibians
Definition

Cutaneous respiration because s. correum is thin.

No scales.

Mucus glands, poison glands.

Term
Tetrapod Skin: Reptiles
Definition

Keratinized extesively (comp to amphibians)

No dermal or bony support of scales

Fewer glands than amphibs.

Dermal bone (gastralia)

Molting

Term
Gastralia
Definition
Abdominal ribs ventrally oriented.
Term
Molting
Definition
Sloughing off large pieces of epidermis.
Term
Epidermal Scales
Definition
Folds of epidermis (gap between folds in a hinge).
Term
Tetrapod Skin: Birds
Definition

Epidermal Scales on legs and feet.

Glands: Uropygial and Salt glands

Feathers.

Term
Uropygial Glands
Definition
At the base of the tail, secrete lipidit protein compound that serves as a water repellant and is rubbed on feathers.
Term
Salt glands
Definition

Typically found on marine birds.

Helps to excrete excess salt ingested.

Found on the head.

Term
Feathers
Definition

Nonvascular, nonnervous, products of the skin.

Formed from epidermis.

Laid our in tracts along the body.

Replaced yearly.

Develop follicles.

Flight, Insulation, Aerodynamics, courtship.

Term
Follicles
Definition
Invagination of the epidermis into the dermis.
Term
Tetrapod Skin: Mammals
Definition

Specialized epidermis: keratinized and multilayered.

Keratinized system forms hair, nails, claws, hooves.

Double-layered dermis (outter/deeper layers).

Outter: Fingerlike projections that push up into the epidermis (dermal papillae)

Deeper (Inner): Anchors the dermis to the underlying fascia.

-dermis is location of blood vessels/nerves.

-connective tissue contains collagen and elastic fibers.

 

Unique Structures:

Hair: slender karotinized rods produced in the hair follicle.

Glands: Mammary, Sebaceous, Sweat (eccrine, apocrin)

Term
Hair Follicle
Definition

Epidermis within the dermis that insulates.

 

Term
Glands
Definition
Term
Mammary Glands
Definition
Produce milk, a mix of fats, carbs, proteins that nourishes the young.
Term
Sebaceous Glands
Definition

Produce an oily secretion released into hair follicles.

Conditions/water proofs hair.

 

Term
Sweat Glands
Definition
Eccrine, Apocrine Glands
Term
Eccrine Sweat Gland
Definition

Produce a thin watery fluid not associated with hair follicles.

Active throughout life, respond to increase body temp.

Active before puberty.

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