Term
|
Definition
"arrangement law" A formal system for naming and grouping species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Latinized name composed of two words genus species* always a noun adjective homo sapiens panthera pardus *species name can never stand alone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Common Descent 2. Smallest distinct groupings of organisms sharing patterns of ancestry and descent 3. Reproductive community - excludes members of other species. Critical that species members interbreed. |
|
|
Term
| cosmopolitan vs. endemic species distribution |
|
Definition
cosmopolitan: species with very large geographic range or even worldwide distribution endemic: very restricted geographic distribution (makes species easier to identify)
|
|
|
Term
| Typological Species Concept |
|
Definition
- defined by fixed, essential morphological features
- species recognized by a "type specimen" representing ideal morphology for species
|
|
|
Term
| biological species concept |
|
Definition
As defined by Mayr, "a species is a reproductive community (reproductively isolated from others) that occupies a specific niche in nature - interbreeding population with common descent - lacks explicit temporal dimension (ancestral populations?) - degree of rep. isolation necessary? - ignores asexual organisms |
|
|
Term
| evolutionary species concept |
|
Definition
| a single lineage of ancestor-descendant population that mainains its identity from other such leneages and that has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate |
|
|
Term
| phylogenetic species concept |
|
Definition
| an irreducible grouping of organisms diagnosably distinct from other such groupings and within which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| homoplasy is a character similarity that doesn't represent common descent; whereas, homologies are characters that may have different functions or outward appearance but come from an ancestral shared character state. |
|
|
Term
| ancestral vs. derived character states |
|
Definition
| Ancestral characters states are present in the common ancestor of two related clades whereas the derived character state are all others that are assumed to arise from and after the ancestral shared organism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of organisms or species that share derived character states |
|
|
