Term
| Viruses that cause a LOCALIZED infection in the UPPER respiratory tract |
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Definition
Paramyxoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Picornavirus
Coronavirus
Adenovirus |
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Term
| Viruses that cause a LOCALIZED infection in the LOWER respiratory tract |
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Definition
Orthomyxovirus
Paramyxovirus |
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Term
| Viruses that cause a GENERALIZED infection originating in the respiratory tract |
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Definition
Paramyxovirus
Picornavirus
Poxvirus |
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Term
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Definition
species-specific
early gene transcription in basal cells while late proteins produced in terminally differentiated keratinocyte.
E6 blocks p53; E7 blocks RB
infections are localized and result after long incubation periods
types include: common wart, plantar wart, epidermodysplasia veruciformis, genital, laryngeal |
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Term
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Definition
Large T antigen inactivates p53 and RB.
nonproductive infection occurs in cells with not enough early gene products |
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Term
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Definition
-ssRNA, envelope
adsorption via HN protein on envelope, penetration via F protein
no viremia, replication in upper respiratory tract
causes croup, bronchitis, pneumonia |
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Term
| Respiratory Syncitial Virus |
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Definition
paramyxovirus
primary cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children
-ssRNA, envelope
premature kids at extra risk
primary infection does not prevent reinfection
lower respiratory infection in kids, upper in adults |
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Term
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Definition
picornavirus
+ssRNA
temperature stabile but pH labile
upper respiratory tract infection
ICAM1 prevents attachment |
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Term
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Definition
envelope is derived from intracellular membranes and NOT the plasma membrane.
+ssRNA
matures in the Golgi body, accumulates in cytoplasmal vesicles and then fuses with the membrane for release |
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Term
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Definition
dsDNA
Can undergo latent infection in lymphoid tissues (tonsils)
oncogenic potential.
nonenveloped
prolonged survival outside of the body
if inhaled then get lower respiratory tract infection, oral is ok
can get from organ transplants too
live oral vaccine avail only for military |
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Term
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Definition
attaches to integrin, gets endocytosed, penetrated by phagocytosis, pentons release viral particles into cytoplasm, DNA travels to nucleus,
E1A inhibits RB
E1B inhibits p53
Proteins made include DNA pol, DBP, primer, all travel to nucleus for viral assembly, and then accumulate in inclusion bodies-->occult infection |
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Term
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Definition
Smallpox
dsDNA
replicates in cytoplasm
brickshaped
2 envelopes
bumps with depression that looks like bellybutton, then become pustules, scab,
and stops being contagious after scar formation |
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Term
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Definition
Paramyxovirus
Enveloped
-ssRNA
viremia
Dx:complement fixation |
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Term
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Definition
Paramyxovirus
Envelope
Koplik's Spots
maculopapular rash that spreads downward
can cause encephalitis or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
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Term
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Definition
togavirus
envelope
+ssRNA
spread via the lymph nodes to the blood
high risk for fetal malformation |
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Term
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Definition
envelope, dsDNA, gpD (same in HSV1+HSV2)
acyclovir targets the DNA pol and thymidine kinase |
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Term
Epstein Barr virus:
typical infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
atypical lymphocytes
positive monospot test
Sx: lymph node swelling, fever, tiredness
Detection of VCA, EBNA, EA
Dx:LMP1 antibodies are used
Also causes posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease or non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
Virus infects epithelial cells in oral mucosa and infects B cells that get killed off by cytotoxic lymphocytes
Memory B cells allow for viral latency. Reactivation upon HIV or transplant causes posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease or non-hodgkin's lymphoma.
Dx: antibody to LMP1
Causes Burkitt's Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hodgekin's disease (Reid Sternberg cells), and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV patients |
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Term
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Definition
infectious mononucleosis: no sore throat, negative monospot test, atypical lymphocytes
Tx:gancyclovir targets thymidine kinase
Dx: inclusion bodies, etc |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| causes Kaposi's Sarcoma whose vascular tumors have mixed cellularity |
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Term
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Definition
2ssRNA (DIPLOID), envelope
pol codes for reverse trancriptase and integrase
LTR: viral promotor, mediates integration, and primer for reverse transcriptase
exogenous have onc gene, affects somatic cells
endogenous dominantly affect germ cells to bring about leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
Retrovirus
Attachment via SU protein
Penetration via TM protein
Reverse Transcription: RNAse H
cDNA gets transported into nucleus (need actively dividing cell for replication)
integrase integrates one dsDNA strand into host chromosome
host cell transcribes cDNA to polyproteins |
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Term
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Definition
p24 from gag gene is used for detection of virus
REV decides which RNAs get out into cytoplasm
Nef leads to downregulation of CD4 and MHC class I
Late proteins VPU aids in getting viral particles out of cell
Macrophage trophic strain initially infects body and then CHANGES its tropism to T cell-line trophic strain. |
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Term
| Acute Retroviral Syndrome |
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Definition
fever, fatigue, maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, thrush
lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, NEGATIVE ELISA test |
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Term
| opportunistic infections predicted by CD4 count |
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Definition
<200 Pneumocystis jiroveci pnuemonia
<100 Cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis
<75 Cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated LDH, increased A-a gradient, decreased PaO2 |
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Term
| Cryptococcus in HIV patients |
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Definition
Dx: cryptococcal antigen
Tx: ampho b and flucytosine
do not give prophylaxis |
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Term
| toxoplasmosis in HIV patients |
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Definition
multiple ring enhancing lesions in CT scan,
Tx: pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine |
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Term
| cytomegalovirus in HIV patients |
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Definition
retinitis,
Tx: antiretroviral drugs to boost immune system |
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Term
| mycobacterium avium complex in HIV patients |
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Definition
lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, fever
prophylax if CD4<50 |
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Term
| Malignancies associated with HIV |
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Definition
CNS Lymphoma--> Epstein Barr Virus
Kaposi's Sarcoma--> HHV8
Cervical Carcinoma--> Human papilloma
Anal Carcinoma--> Human Papilloma
Hepatocellular carcinoma--> Hep B or C
Multiple Myeloma--> Not due to a virus |
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Term
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Definition
Dx: antigens/antibodies in blood
transmitted via sex or percutaneous contact with blood
vaccine
chronic carrier state leads to cirrhosis and hepatic cell carcinoma
insiduous malaise and jaundice
Asymptomatic chronic patients have NO antibodies to surface antigen, and so can give INFalpha for treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
ss+ RNA
fecal oral route
Dx: antigens/antibodies in blood
killed cell cultered viral vaccine
does not lead to carrier state
acute onset with fever and jaundice |
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Term
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Definition
enveloped +RNA
transmission via sex or percutaneous blood
Dx: antigens/ab's in blood
no vaccine
hepatic cell carcinoma |
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Term
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Definition
-RNA
only encodes for capsid and uses Hep B surface antigen for envelope
transmitted via percutaneously, IV users
Dx: antigen |
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Term
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Definition
ssRNA, nonenveloped-->like Hep A
fecal oral route
Dx:antibody
no vaccine
high morbidity in pregnant women |
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Term
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Definition
spread via oralfecal route to the blood and then CNS.
mostly subclinical, abortive poliovirus is most common form
Dx: increased leukocytes in CSF, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
dsRNA, Reovirus
most important cause of childhood diarrhea
spread in daycare centers, hospitals, camps
winter/late spring virus
live oral vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
Subdivision of the Picornavirus group
ssRNA
stable at low pH and room temp
resistant to detergents
tx:oralfecal route, spread to tonsils or peyer's patches, then to regional lymph nodes and then viremia ensues, followed by second viremia
replication in GI tract
includes polio, Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses
infections mostly subclinical affecting children |
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Term
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Definition
| most common cause of viral heart disease |
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Term
| Norwalk Virus (Caliciviruses) and Norwalk-like Agents (Astrovirus) |
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Definition
| found in salad bars on cruise ships |
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Term
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Definition
Retrovirus and adenovirus mostly used for gene therapy
Retrovirus will only work in replicating cells
Adenovirus does not need a dividing cell to infect.
Adeno-associated virus needs wildtype adenovirus to work, integrates at specific site.
Vaccinia is limited to non-smallpox vaccinated or immunocompromised patients |
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Term
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Definition
amantidine prevents chlorine influx into matrix protein pores to prevent fusion of virus with cell.
vaccine:antibodies to HA prevent attachment.
cap-snatcher.
Ribonuclear proteins' serological relationships distinguish influenza types. |
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Term
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Definition
-ssRNA
causes croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia
no viremia
infections occur in the Fall and Winter
(adsorption via the HN envelope protein, penetration and uncoating requires cleavage of F protein by host enzyme) |
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Term
| Respiratory syncytial virus infections occur during: |
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Definition
| the cold months of NOV-MARCH |
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Term
| Rhinovirus infections occur during |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
widespread in nature, 2 genera, undergo latent infection in lymphoid tissues, oncogenic, prolonged survival outside the body, severity of infection depends on the site of infection, more common in late winter spring and early summer.
Hexons consist of protein II; pentons consist of 3,5,7, TP, Mu
In attachment, the pentons attach to cell integrin, allowing for phagocytosis to the inside. The toxicity of the pentons allows for release from the phagocytic vacuole. E1A first is made and is responsible for transcriptional activation of early genes. In the end, viruses clump in the nucleus in Inclusion Bodies and produce "occult" infections. |
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