Term
| A, D, E, K absorbed in the |
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Definition
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Term
| Vit A Function and source |
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Definition
AKA Retinol, b-carotene
Antioxidant
Transported in blood by Retinol binding Protein
visual pigments
differentiation of epithelial cells
Found in liver and leafy vegetables
Used to treat Measles, Acne (isotretinoin), Psoriasis |
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Term
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Definition
Night Blindness
Dry Skin
xeropthalmia
KEratomalacia
Bitot's Spots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fat Soluble vitamin that functions as coenzyme |
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Definition
K - carboxylation of glutamic acid residues
protein C, S, 2,7,9,10 |
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Term
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Definition
Arthralgias
Fatigue
Headaches
sore throat
alopecia
Dry, pruritic skin
Increased intracranial pressure
Increased risk of lung cancer in smokers
Teratogen (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities) |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Thiamine, TPP
Cofactor for PDH, a-KGDH, Transketolase, Branched Chain AA dehydrogenase |
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Term
| Dermatitis, Glossitis, Diarrhea |
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Definition
| Common of B complex deficiencies |
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Term
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Definition
Impaired glucose breakdown--> ATP depletion (glucose infusion can worsen), so give Thiamine first in deficiency
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Beri-Beri - polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
Wet- add dilated cardiomyopathy, edema |
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Term
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Definition
Confusion, Opthalmoplegia, Ataxia
Confusion, peronality change, memory loss
Damage to MD Thalamus and mammillary bodies |
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Term
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Definition
Cofactor for oxidation and reduction
FAD, FMN --> 2 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
Cheilosis (fissures of lips), Corneal vascularization
2B's = 2C's and 2 ATP's |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Niacin
NAD and NADP - redox reactions (3ATP)
derived from tryptophan (requires B6) |
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Term
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Definition
Glossitis
Pellagra= Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia
Pellagra can be caused by Hartnup (decreased trp absorption), carcinoid syndrome (increased Trp metabolism), INH (decreased B6) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Dry beri beri presentation |
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Definition
Toe-drop, foot-drop, wrist drop
Muscle weakness, hyporeflexia, areflexia
Peripheral neuropathy with myelin degeneration |
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Term
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Definition
Txt of type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia
Inhibits lypolysis in adipose tissue, less circulating FFA's and less LDL produced
Aspirin can lessen flushing |
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Term
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Definition
AKA pantothenate
Component of CoA - acyl transfer
Component of Fatty acid synthase |
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Term
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Definition
| Dermatitis enteritis alopecia adrenal insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
AKA pyridoxine
Used for transamination (ALT, AST)
Decarboxylation rxns
Glycogen phosphorylase,
cystathionine synthesis
heme synthesis
niacin from tryptophan |
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Term
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Definition
Convulsions
Hyperirritability
corneal vascularization
peripheral neuropathy (induced by INH and oral contraceptives)
sideroblastic anemias |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Cobalamin
Only in Animal Products
Synthesized by microorganisms
Absorbed in distal ileum
Homocystein methyltransferase
Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase |
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Term
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Definition
Macrocytic Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented PMNs
Parasthesias, myelin degeneration
Caused by: Diphyllobothrium latum,
Pernicious anemia, absent terminal ileum
Detected by schilling test |
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Term
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Definition
akA Folate
1-carbon transfer, important for synthesis of nucleic acid bases
From foliage |
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Term
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Definition
Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neurological symptoms
neural tube defects
Most common deficiency in US
Caused by: alcoholism, pregnancy, phenytoin, sulfonamides, MTX |
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Term
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Definition
Aka s-adenosyl-methionine
Tranfers methyl units (NE to E)
regeneration dependent on B12 and folate |
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Term
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Definition
Add 1 carbon groups
Pyruvate carboxylase: pyruvate to OAA
A-CoA carboxylase: A-CoA to Malonyl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase: Propionyl-CoA to methylmalonyl CoA |
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Term
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Definition
Rare. Due to antibiotics. Aviden in Egg-whites binds biotin, prevents absorption
Dermatitis
alopecia
enteritis |
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Term
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Definition
Antioxidant found in fruits and veg
facilitates iron absorption (keeps reduced)
Proline and Lysine hydroxylation (collagen)
Dopamine b-hydroxylase; dopamine to NE |
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Term
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Definition
Scurvey - swollen gums, bruising, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing
Weakened immune system |
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Term
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Definition
D2 from plants, D3 from milk or formed in sun exposed skin
25 D3 - Storage (from liver)
1,25 - Active (from kidney)
Increases intestinal absorption and bone resorption of calcium and phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
Rickets (children)
Osteomalacia (Adults)
hypocalcemia (tetany) |
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Term
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Definition
Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria
loss of appetite
stupor
Seen in sarcoidosis (increased activation by epithelioid macrophages) |
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Term
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Definition
| Antioxidant for erythrocytes and membranes |
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Term
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Definition
increased fragility of erythrocytes (hemolytic anemia)
muscle weakness
posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination |
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Term
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Definition
y-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues
blood clotting
synthesized by intestinal flora
Neonates given prophylactic to prevent hemorrhage |
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Term
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Definition
Neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and PTT, normal bleeding time
Neonates have sterile intestines, and cannot synthesize K
Can also occur after broad spectrum antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential for many enzymes. Zinc fingers |
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Term
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Definition
Delayed wound healing
hypogonadism
decreased adult hair
dysgeusia
anosmia
may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis |
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