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Definition
| a change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism |
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| the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II |
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| an abnormal condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes |
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| a unit of adjacent genes that consists of functionally related structural genes and their associated regulatory genes; common in prokaryotes and phages |
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Definition
| an enzyme that is needed to begin and/or continue genetic transcription |
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Definition
| a nucleotide sequence that is part of a gene and that is transcribed from DNA into mRNA but not translated into amino acids |
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Definition
| one of several nonadjacent nucleotide sequences that are part of one gene and that are transcribed, joined together, and then translated |
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Definition
| the complete genetic material contained in an individual or species |
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| a genetic structure that can replicate independently of the main chromosome(s) of a cell; usually, a circular DNA molecule in bacteria (prokaryotes) |
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Definition
| a genetic sequence that is randomly moved, in a functional unit, to new places in a genome |
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Definition
| the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function during multicellular development |
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| in multicellular organisms, a genetically controlled process that leads to the death of a cell; programmed cell death |
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