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| a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked toghether |
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A giant molecule formed by joining of smaller molecules, usually by a condensation reaction
Ex:
-polysaccharides
-proteins
-nucleic acids |
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| A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water, functioning in disassembly of polymers to monomers |
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| A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule |
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| A functional biological molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific 3D structure |
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| Any of various natural or synthetic compounds containing two or more amino acids linked by the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another |
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| The covalent bond betwen the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction |
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| a polymer(chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
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| s a single protein moleculethat assembles (or "coassembles") with other protein molecules to form a protein complex: |
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An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and amino groups.
-serve as monomers of polypeptides |
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part of an amino acid's chemistry that differentiates it from other amino acids
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| a polymer of many monosccharides, formed by dehydration reactions |
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The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides
-simple sugars, have molecular formulas that are generally some multiple of CH2O |
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| A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction |
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A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and through the actions of proteins, for all cellular activites
Two types:
-DNA
-RNA |
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| A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell |
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| an organic compound that owes its property as a base to the lone pair of electrons of a nitrogen atom. |
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| A chemical group consisting of a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, important in energy transfer |
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One group of compounds including:
fats
phospholipids
steroids
mix poorly if at all with water |
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-A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group
-The hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids act as nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, while the rest of theh molecule acts as a polar, hydrophilic head
-form bilayers that function as biological membranes |
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| Level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids |
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| Localized, repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between constituents of the backbone |
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| Irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges. |
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| Particular shape of a complex, aggregate protein, defined by the characteristic three dimensional arrangement of its constituent subunits, each apolypeptide |
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In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native shape, thereby becoming biologically inactive; in DNA, the separation of the two strands of the double helix
-occurs under extreme conditions of pH, salt concentration, and temperature |
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