tsar (czar)

leaders of Russia before 1917

duma

name of Russian legislature; national assembly

soviets

Russian  committee made up of representatives

 from the workers, soldiers, and

peasants; communists

serfs

a poor worker with no land or rights; peasants

Bolshevik

political party started by Lenin; goal was to take over power from the czars and begin communism

totalitarian state

Nazi Party

political party started in Germany by Hitler that believed that Germans were better than all others

Holocaust

killing of millions of people in an attempt to destroy Jews and other European ethnic groups

Fascism

political party started in Italy by Mussolini;

believed in dictator having complete power and emphasizing extreme nationalism

concentration camp

prison camps where millions of Jews were sent by Hitler during WWII; many were killed in large groups

rationing

system of limiting the amounts of food and materials in use