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| The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
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| A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function |
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| allowing fluids or gases to pass or diffuse through |
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| a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion |
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| the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration |
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| movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
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| diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
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| transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy |
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| any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes |
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| Plasmolysis is the process in plant cells where the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis |
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| pathological breakdown of cells by the destruction of their outer membrane |
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| A vacuole that removes waste or excess water |
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| transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required |
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| a gradient in concentration of a solute as a function of distance through a solution |
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| Turgor pressure or turgidity is the main pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells and bacteria cells |
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| solutions having identical osmotic pressures |
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| A solution of lower osmotic concentration than that of a reference solution or of an isotonic solution |
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| A solution with a higher salt concentration than in normal cells of the body and the blood |
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| a unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei |
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| an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria |
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| chemical equilibrium: a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates |
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| Endocytosis is the process by which cells absorb molecules (such as proteins) from outside the cell by engulfing it with their cell membrane |
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| the durable process by which a cell directs the contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell membrane |
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| an enzyme located in the plasma membrane of all living animals |
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| decompose, split, dissolve |
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