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| the scientific study of ancient people and cultures principally revealed through excavation |
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| a stone of great size used in the construction of a prehistoric structure |
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| a large uncut stone erected as a monument in the prehistoric era |
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| a groove cut into stone or wood, called a mortise, that is shaped to receive a tenon, or projection, of the same dimensions |
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| a method of construction in which two posts support a horizontal beam, called a lintel |
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| an audience hall in a Persian palace |
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| the top element of a column |
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| a system of writing in which the strokes are formed in a wedge or arrowhead shape |
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| a round piece of carved stone taht when rolled onto clay produces an image |
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| the front of a building. sometimes, more poetically, a speaker can refer to a "side facade" or a "rear facade" |
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| the map of a floor of a building |
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| a system of representation that expresses a person's importance by the size of his or her representation in a work of art |
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| a colossal winged human-headed bull in Assyrian art |
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| empty space around an object or a person, such as the cut-out areas between a figure's legs or arms of a sculpture |
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| sculpture that projects from a flat background. a very shallow relief sculpture is called a bas-relief (pronounced: bah-relief) |
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| (plural: stelai) a stone slab used to mark a grave or a site |
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| a pyramid-like building made of several stories that indent as the building gets taller; thus, ziggurats have terraces at each level |
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| literally,a "high city," a Greek temple complex built on a hill over a city |
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| a two-handled Greek storage jar |
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| a plain, unornamented lintel on the entablature |
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| (male: atlantid): a building column that is shaped like a female figure |
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| the main room of a Greek temple where the god is housed |
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| a gracefull arrangement of the body based on tilted shoulders and hips and bent knees |
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| a projected ledge over a wall |
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| the upper story of a Greek temple |
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| a horizontal band of sculpture |
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| an oven used for making pottery |
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| (female: kore): an archaic Greek sculpture of a standing youth |
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| a large Greek bowl used for mixing water and wine |
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| a small relief sculpture on the facade of a Greek temple |
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| a decoration using pieces of stone, marble, or colored glass, called tesserae, that are cemented to a wall or a floor |
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| the triangular top of a temple that contains sculpture |
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| (plural: propylaea): a gateway leading to a Greek temple |
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| sculpture that projects from a flat background. A very shallow relief sculpture is called a bas-relief |
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| an ancient Greek circular shrine |
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| a projecteing grooved element alternating with a metope on a Greek temple |
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| an overground water system |
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| (plural: atria) a courtyard in a Roman house or before a Christian church |
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| in Roman architecture, a large axially planned building with a nave, side aisles, and apses |
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| a sculpture depicting a head, neck, and upper chest of a figure |
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| in architecture, a sunken panel in a ceiling |
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| (plural: cubicula) a Roman bedroom flanking an atrium; in Early Christian art, a mortuary chapel in a catacomb |
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| (plural: cubicula) a Roman bedroom flanking an atrium; in Early Christian art, a mortuary chapel in a catacomb |
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| a small dome rising over the roof of a building; in architecture, a cupola is achieved by rotating an arch on its axis |
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| an ancient method of painting that uses colored waxes burned into a wooden surface |
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| a visual effect in which an object is shortened and turned deeper into the picture plane to give the effect of receding in space |
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| (plural: fora) a public square or market place in a Roman city |
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| a visual effect in which an object is shortened and turned deeper into the picture plane to give the effect of receding in space |
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| (plural: fora) a public square or market place in a Roman city |
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| a painting technique that involved applying water-based paint onto a freshly plastered wall. The paint forms a bond with the plaster that is durable and longlasting |
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| a rectangular basin in a Roman house that is placed in the open-air atrium in order to collct rainwater |
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| the center stone of an arch that holds the others in place |
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| a circular window in a church, or a round opening at the top of a dome |
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| depth and recession in a painting. Objects shown in linear perspective achieve a three-dimensionality in the two-dimensional world of the picture plane. All lines, called orthogonals, draw the viewer back in space to a common point, called the vanishing point. Paintings, however, may have more than one vanishing point, with orthogonals leading the eye to several parts of the work. Landscapes that give the illusions of distance are in atmospheric or aerial perspective |
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| a vertical support that holds up an arch or a vault |
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| a triangular space enclosed by the curves of arches |
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| a roof constructed with arches. When an arch is extended in space, forming a tunnel, it is called a barrel vault. When two barrel vaults intersect at right angles, it is called a groin vault. |
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| sculptures from the Roman Republic characterized by extreme realism of facial features |
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