Term
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Definition
| Microorganisms that cause disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal hosts. Survival usually depends on replication in a host. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hosts with compromised immune systems. usually commensal bacteria; the normal flora in/ on the host. |
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Term
1 Adhere to host
2 Enter the host
3 Avoid host defense mechanisms
4 Multiply and spread in the host
5 Damage the host |
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Definition
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Term
| Don’t consistently cause damage. |
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Definition
| Organisms are usually not pathogens if they |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathogen damage is classified by the use of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Microbial specialization that helps it replicate in a host. |
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Term
1 Gain of virulence through loss of independence
2 Pathogens evolved from benign parasites |
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Definition
| 2 major theories on the development of virulence |
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Term
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Definition
| Who said " It appears more like a biological mix-up than an evolutionary advantage." ? |
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Term
1 Transmission of the pathogen
2 The hosts immune system
3 Rate of the pathogens reproduction
4 Large populations |
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Definition
| Factors influencing evolution of virulence. |
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Term
1 Development that aid in the host to host transfer
2 Overdeveloping one aspect to compensate for a deficient aspect |
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Definition
| Pathogen's developments which promote virulence. |
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Term
Point mutations
Recombination
Horizontal gene transfer |
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Definition
| Different genetic events that will regulate virulence. |
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Term
Type of specimen
Type of pathogen |
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Definition
| Choosing a diagnostic method depends on: |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Isolate in culture
Identify the isolated organism |
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Definition
| Traditional approach to identification of infectious agents |
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Term
Specific antigen detection
Nucleic acid techniques
Direct examination |
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Definition
| Other approaches to identification of infectious agents |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule that produces an immune response. |
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Term
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Definition
| This technique of infectious agent identification uses probes and gene amplification. |
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Term
| to get a specimen that best represents the disease process |
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Definition
| What is the gal of specimen collection? |
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Term
Optimal times
Optimal sites
Specimen quantity |
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Definition
| What factors should be considered when collecting specimens? |
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Term
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Definition
| Cultures should be done before the administration of what? |
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Term
| As close to time of death as possible. |
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Definition
| When should necropsy cultures be done? |
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Term
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Definition
| How much body fluids should be collected for specimen evaluation? |
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Term
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Definition
| How much tissue should be collected for a tissue specimen sample? |
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Term
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Definition
| What should specimen not be transported in? |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of bacteria should be collected via aspirate using a sterile syringe and fine gauge needle. |
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Term
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Definition
| When in doubt treat bacteria as what? |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of bacteria requires oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of bacteria requires a lack of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most common microscopy used in veterinary medicine? |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of microscopy applies light to a specimen at an oblique angle. |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of microscopy uses fluorescence dyes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to detect presence of a pathogen or an immunologic disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| newborns obtain maternal antibodies in colostrum from the mother to protect themselves until they can make their own. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses the reaction of an antigen binding to an antibody. |
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Term
| Rapid latex Agglutination |
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Definition
| Used for direct detection of bacterial or fungal antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that react with antigen/ antibody complexes. |
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Term
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Definition
| This has been replaced with ELISA in most labs. |
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