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| Appropriations made by legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but that are created so that local representatives can win re-election in their home districts |
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| a proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of Congress and submitted to the clerk of the House or Senate. |
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| A joint committe created to work out a compromise on House and Senate versions of a piece of legislation. |
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| A presidental veto that is automatically triggered if the president does not act on givin piece of legislation passed during the final ten days of the legislation session. |
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| An Agreement made between the president and another country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's advice and consent. |
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| Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses |
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| The process occurring after every decennial census, that allocates congressional seats among the fifty states. |
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| A rule allowing a majority of two thirds of three-fifths of the members of a legislative body to set a time limit on debate over a given bill |
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| Holding a political office for whick one is running |
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| The claim that confidential communications between a president and close advisors should not be revealed without the consent of the president. |
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| A rule or regulations issued by the president that has the effect and formal status of legislation. |
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| The secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major department of the federal gorvernment cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate |
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| A claim by a victorious candidate that the electorate has given him or her special authority to carry out promises made during the campaign |
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| removing all or part of program from the public sector to the private sector |
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| The individual or organization who brings a complaint in court |
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the one against whom a complaint is brought in a criminal or civil case
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| A negotiated agreement in a criminal case in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty in return for the state's agreement to reduce the severity of the criminal charge or prison sentence the defendant is facing |
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| The right of every citizen against arbitrary action by nation or state gorvernment |
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| a court order that the individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention. Habeas corpus is guaranteed by the Constitution and can be suspended only in cases of rebellion or invasion |
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| the practice whereby the president before formally nominating a person for a federal judgeship, seekd the indication that senators from the candidate's own state support the nomination |
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| The power of court to revies and if necessary, declare actions of the legislative and exexcutive branches invalid or unconstitutional. The supreme Court assented this power in Marbury v Madition |
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| the right of an individual or organization to initiate a court case, on the basis of their having a substantial stake in the outcome |
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| a decision written by a justice in the minority in a particular case in which the justice wishes to express his or her reasoning in the case |
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| a legal action by which a group or class of individuals with common interest can file a suit on behalf of everyone who shares that interest |
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| amount by whick goverment spending exceeds gorvernment revenue in a fiscal year |
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| a widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential |
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| desire to avoid involvement in the affair of other nations |
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| willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack |
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| the resident in the area from which an official is elected |
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| a tactic used by members of the senate to prevent action on legislation they oppose by continously holding the floor and speaking until the majority backs down. Once given the floor, senators have unlimited time to speak, and it requires a vote of three-fifth of the senate to end filibuster |
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| Prior case whose principles are used by judges as the basis for their decision in a present case |
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| a law, rule statute, or edict that expresses the gorvernment goal and provides for rewards and punishment to promote their attainment |
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| The total value of goods and service produced within a country |
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| a agency that is not part of Cabinet department |
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| a Quasi- legislative administrative process by which gorvernment agencies produce regulation |
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