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weathering and soil formation
chapter 7 key terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earths surface
Term
erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity
Term
mechanical weathering(physical)
Definition
the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion
Definition
the term abrasion refers to the grinding away of rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical change
Term
permeable
Definition
charactistic of materals such as sand and gravel that allow water to pass through them
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
the solid lawyer beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, soil, and silt
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
the mixture of humus,clay,and other materials that form the crumbly topmost layer of soil
Term
subsoil
Definition
the layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other materials
Term
litter
Definition
the loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil
Term
decomposer
Definition
an organism that breaks down large molecules from dead organisms into small and returns important materials to the environment
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil
Term
renewable resource
Definition
a resource that is naturally replaced over a short period of time
Term
dust bowl
Definition
the area of the Great Plains where wind and erosion caused soil loss during the 1930s
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the pratice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
soil conversvation method in which the dead stalks from the previous year's crop are left in the ground to hold the soil in place
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