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Learning is a change in behaviors, ________, thoughts or ideals. Secondary to practice or ________ experience. |
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The four theories of learning are
a) Conditioning, hierarchial,social,and motor programming b)Conditioning, experimental, cognitive, and social. c) Social, cognitive, systems, and experiental. |
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b) conditioning, experiential, cognitive, and social |
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Conditioning is classical vs _________ |
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Classical conditioning connected with Pavlov states that there is a link between a ________ and a response. |
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Operant Conditioning, associated with Skinner states that there is a ________ of a learned behavior.
Shaping is influenced by a _______ reinforcement and a negative reinforcement. |
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Shaping teaches a subject to respond to a stimulus in such a way as to produce a _______. |
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With operant conditioning there is a
Positive ___________ _______ Reinforcement Positive Punishment _________ Punishment |
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Reinforcement Negative Negative |
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Three other types of conditioning include..
a) escape, sensory, avoidance b) secondary, escape, rehearsal c) escape, avoidance, secondary reward |
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c) escape, avoidance, secondary reward |
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Response is instrumental in getting out of a stimulus that subject prefers not to be in. |
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Response instrumental in avoiding a negative experience. |
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Reward has no biological significance but in the past has been associated with a biological or direct reward. |
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Cognitive learning (Piaget) is the role of understanding, based on insight and ________ |
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Some of the cognitive strategies include mental plans used to understand and manipulate the environment. Implies cause & _______. |
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Piaget's Cognitive Learning has four periods. |
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Sensorimotor period Preoperational period Concrete operational period Formal Operational period |
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Sesorimotor Phase characteristics
__ to __ years Egocentric Child explores the world with _____ rather than mental processes. |
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What phase is associated with the characteristics of...
Age 2 to 7 years Using logic though, not developed Egocentric Learn that objects can be represented by symbols and words. |
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In which phase(s) is the human egocentric? |
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sensorimotor and preoperational |
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In the concrete operational phase the characteristics include...
__ to ___ years Can use appropriate ______ Can begin to see things from anothers __________ |
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7 to 12 years logic perspective |
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Which stage is associated with abstract thought and ages 12 years to adult. |
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Abstract thought does not always _______ |
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The social learning theory by Alburt Bandura is based on ________ relationships and learning through observation/modeling. |
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Strategies of social learning include
Role ________ Identification with mentor Human _________ |
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Experiential Learning, asssociated with Kolb & Dewey is based on _______ learning. |
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The strategy of interactions with the environment and people as well as past experience are associated with which theory of learning? |
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The process of experiental learning includes specific event -----> reflection----> _______ -----> Application to other events |
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"Tell me, and I will forget. Show me, and I may remember. Involve me, and I will understand." |
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The art and science of teaching (children or novice learners) |
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Art and science of teaching adults. |
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The concept of the learner for pediagogical is ________,the Andrological learner is ______ -directed. |
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Role of Experience
Pedagogical: Of little _____
Andrological: A rich resource |
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The readiness to learn defined by developmental tasks is |
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The readiness to learn defined by social roles is |
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Orientation to learning
Pedagogical: Subject centered Androgogical: _______ centered |
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Motivation for pedagogical learners is external while motivation for androgogical learners is ________ |
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Climate for the pedaogogical learner is dependent while for the androgogical is self-______ |
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Planning for the pedagogical learner is by the teacher while the androgogical is _________ |
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Needs analysis and setting goals for pedagogical learners is by the ______ |
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Needs analysis for pedagogical learners is |
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Setting goals for pedagogical learners is mutual _____ |
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Lesson Plans for pedagogical learners is by the teacher, and for the androgogical learner is _______ based on readiness |
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Learning activities for the pedagogical learners is by lectures, and for androgogical learners is experiential techniques, and ________ study. |
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Evaluation for pedagogical learners is by the teacher, while for the androgogical learner is by ______ assessment of self-collected evidence. |
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One of the main points of Lifelong Learning: A Dream by Malcolm, Knowles, Ph. D. describes the skills of self-directed learning is.... |
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The ability to develop and be in touch with curiosities. |
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Process of Learning summary includes
Aware of need to _____ Seeks _______ alone or with others Mental Trial of new information Cognitive acceptance Application of new information Cognitive & emotional acceptance Change in behavior becomes the norm |
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Key elements to polished presentations include |
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Instructor group interaction topic/goal: performance objective organization and props elements of closure evaluation |
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Great Teachers have Knowledge of _____ Understands Learner Incorporates Effective Teaching Techniques |
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The Lesson Plan/ Test Blueprints purpose is....
Components include... Instructional goal Task component breakdown Percent time for each Level of performance |
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clarifies goal (time required and level of learning) |
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Teaching strategies have an educational goal and an _________ goal |
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Determined by Society, Professional Organization, or the community. |
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- Determined by the instructor - Based on Educational Goal - Specific task to be obtained |
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Instructional Goal Guidelines are the "ABCD", what does it stand for. |
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A- Audience B- Behavior C- Condition D- Degree |
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Simple goal example Describe the ________ |
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Describe normal shoulder function |
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Advanced goal example Perform a _______ |
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Demonstrate MMT of the shoulder |
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Complex Goal Evaluate and assess a |
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Evaluate and assess a patient with shoulder dysfunction |
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Division or arrangement into groups or categories
Define Level of Performance: Bloom Gagne Ward |
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Blooms Taxonomy three categories |
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1- Cognitive Knowledge-recall Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
2- Affective Recieve/Attend Respond Valuing Synthesizing Characterized by internal values
3- Psychomotor Perception of sense Prepatory Adjustment Guided Response Complex Overt response Adaptation Organization |
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____% of teaching is evaluation |
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Learning Pyramid Retention Rates (know this card for sure)
__% Lecture __% Reading ____% Audio Visual ____% Demonnstration ____% Discussion Groups ___ % Practice by Doing a Task 90% Teaching others to do a task |
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5% Lecture 10% Reading 20% Audio Visuals 30% Demonstration 50% Discussion Groups 75% Practice by doing a task |
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