Term
|
Definition
| bacterial cells embedded in an intercellular matrix |
|
|
Term
| How quickly does plaque form after a cleaning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the bacteria found in the saliva? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What provide a substrate for bacterial growth in presence of sucrose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What populations tend to have the most caries? |
|
Definition
| teenagers and geriatric patients |
|
|
Term
| BLANK% of patients have BLANK% of caries? |
|
Definition
| 20% of patients have 60% of caries |
|
|
Term
| What opH does plaque/biofilm thrive in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are dental caries caused by? |
|
Definition
-causes by an imbalance, in favor of demineralization, in the demineralization remineralization cycle
-minor changes in the enamel structure that may lead to, if it continues to the destruction of tooth structure and cavitation |
|
|
Term
| Can caries be reversed or stopped? |
|
Definition
| yes, they may reverse or stop |
|
|
Term
| Are caries transmittable? |
|
Definition
| yes, it is a transmittable bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| What do acidogenic(acid-producing) oral plaque bacteria do? |
|
Definition
| ferment carbohydrates that are taken into the mouth |
|
|
Term
| What does acid do to enamel, dentin, and cementum? |
|
Definition
| diffuse into them, partially dissolving the mineral crystals |
|
|
Term
| What pH is considered critical? What is the normal pH for the mouth? |
|
Definition
| 5.5 is critical, 7 is normal |
|
|
Term
| What happens when mineral diffuses out of the tooth? What is mineral made of? |
|
Definition
| made of calcium and phosphate, this eventually leads to cavitation if the process continues |
|
|
Term
| How can demineralization be reversed? |
|
Definition
| by calcium and phosphate together with fluoride, diffusing into the tooth and depositing a new veneer on the crystal remnants in the noncavitated lesion |
|
|
Term
| What is this process called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the new mineral material created by remineralization like? What is this mineral called? |
|
Definition
it is much more resistant to acid as compared with the original carbonated hydroxyapatite mineral
called fluoappitite |
|
|
Term
| How often does de and remineralization occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.cavitation
2.repair and reversal
3.or to maintenance of the status quo |
|
|
Term
| Within how long of eating carbs will an acid attack occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when your pH drops below 5.5 after eating carbs |
|
|
Term
| How long do acid attacks generally last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some protective factors against caries? (8) |
|
Definition
1.saliva flow and components
2.proteins
3.antibacterials
4.flouride
5.calcium
6.phosphate
7.protective dietary components
8.noncariogenic sweeteners |
|
|
Term
| What are some pathological factors of caries? |
|
Definition
1. Acidogenic (acid producing) Oral Plaque
2. Frequency & Physical State of Fermentable
3. Salivary Dysfunction (Xerostomia) |
|
|
Term
| what do Acidogenic Bacteria Produce? |
|
Definition
| organic acids such as Lactic, Formic, Acetic and propinonic that readily dissolve tooth structure. |
|
|
Term
| How much of the total Flora does Acedogenic Bacteria Occupy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 Major groups of Acedogenic Bacteria? |
|
Definition
1. Mutans Streptococci
2. Lactobacilli Species |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 major groups of bacteria that produce acids responsible for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is more likely to lead to caries: consuming sweet tea or a granola bar? |
|
Definition
| granola bar because it is sweet AND sticky so it stays on teeth longer. Sweet tea is not good but as long as you drink it in one sitting and not drawn out throughout the day then it is not as bad as granola bars |
|
|
Term
| How does xerostomia effect caries? |
|
Definition
| it decreases your ability for saliva to enhance remineralization, remove bacteria, or inhibit bacterial action |
|
|
Term
| How do teeth compare to bones? Why? |
|
Definition
-teeth are harder, stronger, and more brittle than bones
-because of higher mineral content and lower porosity |
|
|
Term
| What mineral is our teeth mainly composed of? |
|
Definition
| carbonated hydroxyapatite |
|
|
Term
| Does pure hydroxyapatite exist in tooth structure? |
|
Definition
| no, it is contaminated by carbon |
|
|
Term
| What are some calcium ions replaced by? What about phosphate ions? |
|
Definition
calcium-sodium, magnesium, zinc
phosphate-carbonate |
|
|
Term
| What do carbonate ions cause? |
|
Definition
| imperfections that are more susceptible to acid attack |
|
|
Term
| What is the caries process a balance between? |
|
Definition
| demineralization, remineralization |
|
|
Term
| Where do caries first begin to manifest themselves? Why? |
|
Definition
| at atomic level as soon as diffusing molecule of organic acid reaches a susceptible site on crystal surface of carbonated hydroxyapatite down inside the tooth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of calcium, phosphate, and carbonate from specific sites in crystal(demineralization) |
|
|
Term
| What do the earliest clinical evidence of caries look like? |
|
Definition
white, chalky spot lesion
white area is demineralized enamel below the surface layer |
|
|
Term
| What do noncavitated lesions look like? Will you tactically feel it? |
|
Definition
| enamel color (chalky white or light brown demineralization), no you will not see it or feel it |
|
|
Term
| Where will these lesions usually be located? How will the surface area of it look when dried? |
|
Definition
-located in areas where plaque may accumulate(gingival margin)
-surface area is matted not glossy when dried |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical appearance of early lesions in dentin? |
|
Definition
| signs of enamel undermining that show as opacity or discoloration inside the surface |
|
|
Term
| How are these lesions classified? |
|
Definition
| non-cavitated carious lesion in dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where demineralization has broken through the top layer of enamel. |
|
|
Term
| what are visible decalcification and demineralized spots also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where may early lesions of enamel be located? |
|
Definition
| In areas where dental plaque may accumulate (close to the gingival margin.) |
|
|
Term
| What will an early enamel caries lesion look like when air is blown on the area? |
|
Definition
| surface of the area is matted, not glossy. |
|
|
Term
| What mistake may be diagnosed when a white spot occurs with air? |
|
Definition
| can be misinterpreted as calculus instead of demineralization. Poking at this may cause a cavity. |
|
|
Term
| can There be a dentin caries present with the enamel still intact? |
|
Definition
| yes it will have an opaque surface with a gray or brown tinge to it. |
|
|
Term
| what are a few examples of Demineralization: Cavitation? |
|
Definition
- No caries
-White spot lesion
-enamel surface has broken
- Recurrent caries
- Demineralization extends by diffusion channels into dentin and undermines tooth
-tooth has fractured. |
|
|
Term
| what are a few examples of Remineralization: white spot lesions? |
|
Definition
-Decalcified defect after orthodontic band removal.
-After 3 months the white lesions have decreased in size, and Porous external micro-surface has began to remineralize |
|
|
Term
| what is a product that can help remineralize teeth and reduce white spots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a protective Factor in the mouth to help prevent caries? |
|
Definition
| Saliva components help protect against cavities. |
|
|
Term
| what are the components in Saliva? |
|
Definition
- Calcium
- Phosphate
- Salivary fluoride
- Protective proteins that form the pellicle
- Proteins that maintain supersaturation of the mineral in Saliva and plaque
-Antibacterial substances naturally in saliva |
|
|
Term
| What are the Antibacterial substances naturally found in Saliva? |
|
Definition
-Lactoferrin
-Immunoglobulins |
|
|
Term
| What is Saliva with high buffering capacity known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the buffering action(of acids) of Remineralization a function of? |
|
Definition
Of Bicarbonate (HCO3-) and phosphate (PO4), along with electrolytes including Na+, Cl-, and K+
- Proteins in salica also assist in buffering acids |
|
|
Term
| What does Saliva aid in clearing out of the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an Antimicrobial that destroys Bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common protective factor in preventing dental caries? (hint: commonly over prescribed to pregnant women) |
|
Definition
| Fluoride from External sources |
|
|
Term
| what is Amorphous Calcium Phosphate? |
|
Definition
| are products that allow us to re-enfuse tooth with calcium and phosphate. (MI Paste) |
|
|
Term
| what has been shown to reduce caries 30-70% ? |
|
Definition
| Fluoride products (toothpaste, mouth rinse, office topicals) |
|
|
Term
| what is a general way to distribute fluoride to the population? |
|
Definition
| Fluoride in drinking water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Sugar Substitute)
1. decrease growth of streptococcus mutans
2. Increases salivary flow
3. Increases buffering
4. Inhibits growth of colonies of bacteria
5. Cannot be broken down by the bacteria |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of Xylitol Products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does cheese act as in the mouth? |
|
Definition
| A buffering agent for acid attacks |
|
|
Term
| What tools do we use to Diagnose and recognize Caries? |
|
Definition
-Visual-tactile
- Radiographic
-Electrical conductance examinations |
|
|
Term
| what are some sites at Risk for caries Detection? |
|
Definition
-pits and fissures
-smooth surfaces
-root surfaces |
|
|
Term
| who wrote a system for restoring decayed teeth in 1908? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was Dr. G.V. Blacks system designed to do? |
|
Definition
| used to locate caries and look for restorations |
|
|
Term
Dr. Black used his system for restoring decayed teeth, so what was he looking for and based on what?
What does his system not account for? |
|
Definition
-Standardized methods of recording the need for restorations
- Based on lesion location
-Does not take into account the size of the lesion. |
|
|
Term
| how many classes are in GV Black Caries Classification System? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pit & Fissure Restoration (Buccal, Occlusal, Anterior Lingual) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restorations on Proximal surface that often include portion of occlusal surface (Only Posterior teeth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restorations on proximal surface of ONLY anterior teeth (Does not include incisal edge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restorations on proximal surfaces of Only Anterior teeth that DO include incisal edge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restorations on proximal surfaces of Only Anterior teeth that DO include incisal edge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Restorations on cervical third of facial and lingual surfaces (both anterior and posterior teeth, caries at gingival margin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restorations on the incisal edge or occlusal cusp tips (mainly due to attrition) |
|
|
Term
*Be aware of, no need to Memorize*
who is Dr. Rory Hume and Dr. Graham J. Mount? |
|
Definition
| 2 Dentist that made a classification system for caries called the Mount & Hume Caries Classification System. |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
What does the Mount & Hume classification system judge? |
|
Definition
| the site and size or extent of the lesion. |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
What are the 3 Location site covered in Mount & Hume? |
|
Definition
- pit, fissures & enamel defects on smooth surfaces
-Approximal caries below contact area
-Cervical Caries |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
How does the Mount & Hume system judge the size of the lesion? |
|
Definition
| With Size numbers such as 0, 1, 2, 3 & 4 |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
what is size 0? |
|
Definition
| no involvement of dentin (white spot lesion). Remineralization is still possible |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
Size 1? |
|
Definition
| Minimal but beyond remineralization. |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
What is a size 2 lesion? |
|
Definition
| Moderate involvement of dentin. Following cavity preparation remaining enamel is sound, well supported by dentin and not likely to fain under normal occlusal load. |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
What is a size 3 lesion? |
|
Definition
| The cavity is enlarged beyond moderate. the remaining tooth structure is weakened to the extent that cusps or incisal edges are split or are likely to fail if left exposed to occlusal or incisal load. |
|
|
Term
*Be Aware, No need to Memorize*
What is a size 4 lesion? |
|
Definition
| Extensive caries with bulk loss of tooth structure |
|
|
Term
| What substance stops bacteria from attaching to a pellice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary, secondary, and tertiary strategies for reversing caries? |
|
Definition
1.Primary-prevent or reverse progression of disease
2.Secondary-termination of disease process or restoration of tissue
3.Tertiary-replacement of oral tissue or reconstructive care |
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|
