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western art test1
mesopotamia
44
Art History
Undergraduate 1
10/16/2007

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Cards

Term
Mesopotamia  --what does it mean?
Definition

between the rivers”—Tigris and Euphrates

Term
List the mesopotamian power "bigs" starting with sumer
Definition
Sumer, Akkad, Lagash, Babylon, Assyria
Term
[image]
Definition

Carved Vase, Uruk (Warka),  Made of alabaster. found in the temple complex of the Sumerian goddess Inanna in the ruins of the ancient city of Uruk

 

3500-3000 bce

Term

hieratic scale

Definition
scaling and arrangement of levels where the largest and highest areas represent people w/ most power-importance
Term
[image]
Definition

Nanna ziggurat, Ur, c.2100-2050 bce, made of baked clay

 

This ziggurat was erected to the moon god Nanna. the temple was on the top. this is like a fake mountain for a flat land

Term
[image]
Definition

Votive statues, Eshnunna, c.2900-2600 bce, limestone, alabaster

 

votive statues are statues of prayer. thes were set up by worshipers --portraits of themselves
Term
cuneiform writing
Definition
Cuneiform writing originated in southern Mesopotamia, and was created in the Sumerian culture, in order to write in the Sumerian language. Later it was used for Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian. Cuneiform developed into the dominant writing style of the Middle East, and even spread to Egypt, where hieroglyphic writing was normally preferred.
Term

stylus

Definition

a blunt reed

The impressions left by the stylus were wedge shaped

Term
[image]
Definition

Stele of Naramsin 2254-2218, bce, limestone

 

narmasa is akkadian. his father- sargon had much military power. Naramsa used art to gain power. this shows Naramsa ascending to show power. walking on dead enemies.  

Term
[image]
Definition

Votive statue of Gudea, Lagash, c.2120, bce, diorite

akked was taken over by lagash.  Lagas was not as militaristic. Leader was priest king. His name was Gudea. Gesture resembles peacful Sumerians

Term
[image]
Definition

Stele of Hammurabi, Susa, c.1792-1750 bce, basalt

 

Babylonians unite Sumer. They annex much land. Hammurabi makes steles to peacefully show power. that he is with a god. The stele is made of Dirite. very hard. it has laws on it. 

Term
[image]
Definition

Human-Headed Winged Lion (Lamassu) Palace of Assurnisirpal II, 883-859 bce

            limestone

 

very large. 10'2

ace is believed to be a portrait of the king, Ashurnasirpal II. His cap indicates his divine status

Term
[image]
Definition

Assurbanipal and His Queen in the Garden, from the Palace at Nineveh, c.647

bce, alabaster

kind and queen in a pleasure garden. this is a victory celebration. the king took off his necklace and wapons. Head of enemy hangs on a tree
Term
Lower Egypt  things about it....
Definition

Nile delta, Giza, Saqqara

symbolized by the papyrus, “red crown”

Term
Upper Egypt
Definition

Karnak (temple city), Thebes, Valley of the Kings,

                        symbolized by lotus, “white crown” 
Term
Egyptian dynasty orders.   list them
Definition

early dynastic

old kingdom

new kingdom

amarna period 

Term
[image]
Definition

Palette of Narmer has hieratic scale. little men crayying shoes of king. suggests ritual act. 3000 bce.  on slate.

 

front has him showing crown of upper egypt. back has crown of lower egypt. has falcon head God--HORUS 

Term
Horus     
Definition
Falcon head god of the Sky
Term

canon of proportions

Definition
square grid of which art was to be made (egyptian). corresponds to old kingdom guidelines
Term
Ra
Definition

sun God, primary deity

Term
[image]
Definition

 

Djoser’s Funerary Complex, Saqqara, 2667-2648 bce

 

 had a racetrack for the afterlife. it had columns that resembled reed.

Term
veneer
Definition
limestone covering
Term
ka
Definition
spirit
Term
serdab
Definition
A hidden chamber in a tomb from which the deceased could view the rituals of his cult.
Term
sed
Definition
Sed' is the Egyptian name for the king's royal jubilee
Term
[image]
Definition

Great Pyramids, Giza, c. 2601-2515 bce.  Menkaure, Khafre, Khufu

 

Granite and Limestone 

Term
Osiris
Definition
Underworld
Term
Anubis
Definition
overseer of funerals
Term
sarcophagus
Definition
stone container for a coffin or body
Term

canopic jars

Definition
jars with organs inside
Term
[image]
Definition

Khafra   2500 bce, diorite

 

statue has headress- shows kings power + beard. on a throne w/ papyrus. Falcon--brother god of Pharoah.

Term
[image]
Definition

 

Menkaure and His Wife, c. 2500 bce, graywacke with traces of red and black paint

 

have striding poses. 

Term
[image]
Definition

Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut, c.1473-1458 bce

 She took newphew's spot (Thutmose name of brother and son). She gets her lover to design the temple. makes temple out of cliffside. Pyramids were getting obsolete. Very Axial- no options- leads to one point. 

Term
[image]
Definition

 

Great Temple of Amun, Karnak, 1295-1186 bce

vast column filled space.  

Term

hypostyle hall

Definition
architecture, interior space whose roof rests on pillars or columns. The word means literally “under pillars,” and the design allows for the construction of large spaces—as in temples, palaces, or public buildings—without the need for arches
Term

clerestory

Definition
a part of a building whose walls rise higher than the roofs of adjoining parts of the structure
Term
pylons
Definition
massive gateways
Term
capitals
Definition
tops of columns shaped like lotus buds
Term
shafts
Definition
middle of columns
Term
[image]
Definition

Funerary Mask of Tutankhamun, c.1327 bce, gold, glass, semiprecious stones

Term
[image]
Definition

Inner Coffin of Tutankhamun, c.1336-1327 bfce, gold, glass, semiprecious stones

Term
[image]
Definition

Akhenaten and His Family, c.1348-1336 bce, limestone

Term
[image]
Definition

Queen Nefertiti, c.1348-1336 bce limestone            

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