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| People living in a defined territory and organized under a central political authority |
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| People who roamed all their lives, hunting wild animals and foraging, never settled permanently in one place |
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| The system of ranking people in a society according to their importance and dominance |
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| Dominance by men in society and politics |
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| A way of life that includes political states based on cities with dense populations, large buildings constructed for communal activities, diverse economies, a sense of local identity, and some knowledge of writing. |
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| The worship of multiple gods. |
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| An urban center exercising political and economic control over the surrounding countryside. |
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| A political state in which one or more formerly independent territories or peoples are ruled by a single sovereign power. |
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| King of Babylonian the 18th century B.C.E., famous for his law code. |
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| The Egyptian goddess embodying truth, justice, and cosmic order. |
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| Founder of the Persian Empire |
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| The Greek value of competitive individual excellence. |
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| The Greek value of competitive individual excellence. |
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| Greece's first and most famour author, who composed The Iliad and The Odyssey. |
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| The Greek city-state, an independent community of citizens. |
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| Athenian political reformer whose changes promoted early democracy. |
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| The philosophic idea that people must justify their claims by logic and reason, not myth. |
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| Athen's leader during the great Persian invasion of Greece |
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| The naval alliance led by Athens in the Golden Age that became the basis for the Athenian Empire. |
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| Athens' political leader during the Golden Age. |
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| Athenian system of democracy established in the 460s and 450s B.C.E. That extended direct political power and participation in the court system to all adult male citizens. |
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| A follower of Socrates who became Greece's most famous philosopher |
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| An adjective meaning “Greek-like” that is today used as a chronological term for the period 323-30 B.C.E. |
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| The interlocking network of mutual obligations between Roman patrons(social superiors) and clients(social inferiors). |
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| Literally, “the people's matter” or “the public business”; the Romans' name for their republic and the source of our word republic. |
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| The two groups of people in the Roman republic-patricians(aristocratic families) and plebeians(all other citizens). |
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| The first written Roman law code, enacted between 451 and 449 B.C.E. |
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| Rome's most famous orator and author of the doctrine of humanitas. |
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| The Roman political faction supporting the “best,” or highest, social class; established during the late republic. |
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| The coalition formed in 60 B.C.E. By Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. |
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| Roman political system invented by Augustus as a disguised monarchy with the princeps(“first man”) as emperor. |
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| The two centuries of relative peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire under the early principate begun by Augustus. |
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| The honorary name meaning “divinely favored” that the Roman Senate bestowed on Octavian; it became shorthand for “Roman imperial ruler.” |
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| The group of soldiers stationed in Rome under the emperor's control; first formed by Augustus. |
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| The principle by which Christian bishops traced their authority back to the apostles of Jesus. |
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