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What is Government?
Ch1
41
History
11th Grade
12/14/2011

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Term
Government
Definition
An institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.
Term
What is the primary job of government ?
Definition
Protect and serve.
Term
Public Policy
Definition
All those things government decides to do
Term
Unitary Government
Definition
In most nations of the world all public policy decisions are made in one place; the national government.
Term
A nation that makes all public policy in one central place has a
Definition
Unitary government
Term
Federalism
Definition
All public policy decisions are made into two places.
Term
What governments exist in Federalism?
Definition
National and State Governments
Term
Examples of Federalism in the USA
Definition
- 1 national government
- Washington DC
- President
- Congress
- 50 state gov
- 50 state capitals
- Governors
- Legislatures
- State Courts
- Federal Courts
- County, City
Term
Nme 5 Miami-Dade Cunty cities
Definition
Miami, Miami Beach, Coral Gables, South Miami, Homestead, Hialeah, Key Biscayne, Pinecrest, Doral, Sweetwater, Sunny Isles Beach.
Term
Public Policy by USA decided by National Govern
Definition
National security, social security, copyright, interest rates
Term
Public Policy decided by State Government
Definition
Public Ed
Licenses
Gambling
Most Crimes
Term
Public Policies decided by County and Cities
Definition
Fire/Police Department
Public Transportation
Zoning (Residential Commercial)
Term
What is the dominant unit of political science?
Definition
State
Term
Characteristics of a State
Definition
Population, Territory, Government, Sovereignty
Term
Sovereignty
Definition

The authority of a state to act without consulting another state. 

Term
Year of states in 1914
Definition
62
Term
States in 1946
Definition
74
Term
States Today
Definition
200
Term
Origins of State
Definition

The force Theory

The Evolutionary Theory

The Divine Rights Theory 

The Social Contract Theory

Term
Oligarchy
Definition
Controlled by elites
Term
Social Contract Theory written by
Definition

John Locke (England)

Thomas Hobbes (England)

Jean Rousseau (France)

Term
Why did we go from state of nature --> gov? 
Definition

Nature without gov is dangerous

Natural=danger. 

Term
Natural Rights 
Definition

Life

Liberty

Property

Term
"Life could be nasty and short"
Definition
Hobbes
Term
Social Contract
Definition
The people are protected and served the state gets to be created
Term
If the state does things that the people did not give it the power to do, then
Definition
the state has broken the contract. The people then revolt and start a new contract
Term
King George III
Definition

- used powers against the american colonists that violated the people

- The new thinking is that sovereignty resides with the people, not the king. 

- Therefore the american colonist declared their independence. 

Term
When was the declaration of independence was written? 
Definition
1776 
Term
How can a contract be broken?
Definition
If the state takes powers the people or the constitution never intended the gov to have then the contract is broken. The people should revolt. 
Term
The principal author of the social contract Theory
Definition
John Locke (1632-1704)
Term
Thomas Jefferson's influence
Definition
Pure Locke
Term
Democracy (many can participate)
Definition

Direct Dem - The people

Authoritarian 

Totalitarian

Term
Democracy originated where?
Definition
Athens, Greece 500 BC
Term
What does the word democracy mean?
Definition

Demos: People

Cratos: Rule

Term
What does the democracy mean? (State?)
Definition
For the people, of the people, by the people? 
Term
US Constitution Article 4 Sec 4
Definition
Must be Republic Form of Gov
Term
Referendum
Definition
A process by which a legislative proposal is referred to the voters for final approval
Term
Dictatorship
Definition

A system of government in which sovereignty resides with the government

- Oldest and most common form of government 

Term
Authoritarian Dictatorship
Definition
a form a gov that holds complete control of all political life in a state
Term
Totalitarian Dictatorship
Definition
A form of gov holds complete control of all life
Term
Examples of Dictatorship
Definition

Lenin-> Auth

Hitler-> Tot

Mao Zedong-> China-> Tot

Fidel -> Tot

Sudan Hussein -> Auth

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