Term
| 3 main motives of European Exploration |
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Definition
- find new and faster trade routes to Asia
- search for recources and land good for growing crops
- spread Christianity |
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Term
| What European Nation was the first to venture out into the Atlantic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were overland routes to Asia not as attractive in the late 14th century? |
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Definition
- Bubonic Plague
- Collapse of Mongol Empire
- Unsafe trade routes |
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Term
| What were 3 things Europeans wanted from Africa during this time period? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was gold important to Europeans |
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Definition
| It was the main way of paying for Asian goods |
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Term
| Explain how Christianity is a "Missionary" religion |
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Definition
The New Testament urges Christians to spread their faith and beliefs.
The spread of Christiantiy often led to wars and conflict, and Europeans also used it as a reason to go to the New World. |
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Term
Technological improvements
How did the invention of the Sternpost rudder improve exploration? |
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Definition
| increased manueverability of the ship |
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Term
Technological improvement:
How did Lateen sails help voyages and explorations?
Why were they better than Square sails? |
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Definition
Square Sails allowed the ship to use winds coming only from behind. However Lateen Sails were maneuverable and could catch wind from behind and from the sides. With Lateen sails, a ship went faster and could travel on a more precise route
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Term
| What does an Astrolabe do? |
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Definition
determines latitude
* helped with mapping during the European exploration*
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Term
| What was the significance of the invention of the Magnetic Compass? |
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Definition
| The magnetic compass helped ships navigate oceans faster and allowed explorers to create more accurate maps (combined with the astrolabe) in a more efficient way. |
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Term
| What was the Volta do mar? |
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Definition
Meaning: "return through the sea"
It was a sailing strategy that took sailers out of their way but was a faster and more reliable way to get from place to place. It involved an understanding of the Ocean's currents and of the major Trade Winds across the Atlantic
*invented in late 15th century* |
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Term
| Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? |
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Definition
- portuguese prince
- sponsored voyages down the west coast of Africa
- conquered ports and helped establish trade routes
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Term
| What did Bartolomeu Dias acomplish in 1488? |
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Definition
[image]
He and his crew sailed around Africa to the Indian Ocean |
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Term
| How did Bartolomeu Dias's accomplishment affect Europe? |
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Definition
| It opened up a new trade route around Africa for Europeans to buy Silk, Spices, and other goods |
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Term
| What did Vasco Da Gama accomplish is 1497? |
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Definition
| He and his crew sailed around Africa to India and traded for goods. They made a huge profit and it encouraged others to sail there as well and form trading posts. |
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Term
| Who sponsored Columbus's journy? Where was he originally from? |
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Definition
Ferdinad and Isabella sponsored his journey/explorations. They were from Spain.
He was from portugal |
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Term
Where did Columbus arrive on October 12, 1492?
Where did he think he was? |
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Definition
Island in the Bahamas called Guanahani (by natives) and San Salvador (By Columbus)
Coast of Asia near China |
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Term
| What were the most major results of Columbus' discovery? |
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Definition
1.) Other explorers heard of his discovery and journeyed to the new world
2.) A link was created between western hemisphere and eastern hemisphere
3.) Eventually led to globalization and conquest of North and South Ameica
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Term
| First European to see Pacific Ocean in 1513? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Ferdinand Magellan? |
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Definition
| He explored the pacific ocean looking for a route to Asia. Spain sponsored him and he made it almost all the way around the world. He died in the Philippian Islands, but his crew were the first men to travel all the way around the world. |
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Term
What was the Northwest passage?
Does it exist?
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Definition
| A passage from Europe to Asia...yes it exists but it lies in the Arctic Circle. England was the main nation who searched for it. |
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Term
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Definition
led expeditions in the Pacific
Added to many maps
Had interest in customs of people he explored
Helped Europe's knowledge of Oceans, lands, and people |
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Term
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Definition
Mercantilism is the theory that states that a nation's power is based on its wealth (capital) compared to other nations. This requires the accumulation of valuable commodities, and a balance of trade that favors exports over imports.
In the 16th to 18th century, exploration and colonialism brought valuables and raw materials to Europe. It also opened new markets for exports of manufactured goods. In the American colonies, England monopolized trade, so that the colonies gave their profits to England. |
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Term
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Why was it very significant and different from, for example, the exchange between Asia and Europe? |
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Definition
The exchange of crops, disease, animals, humans, and plants across the globe during and after the voyages of the European Explorers. It wad different because it was global. Species that hadn't been exposed to each other in thousands of years intermingled and major diseases spread.
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Term
| Most deadly disease in western hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
Effect on the population of...
Natives?
Europe?
Overall?
from Columbian Exchange? |
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Definition
Natives = major decrease (disease and conquest)
Europe = increase (better nutrition)
Overall = Increase |
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Term
| Why were the native peoples of the Americas so effected by the disease from the columbian exchange? |
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Definition
| they had little immunity to the European diseases. 90% of the population was wiped out. |
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Term
In 1500, what was the world population (Approx.)
by 1800, what was the world population? (Approx.) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Spanish Galleons - sleek, fast, havily armed ships capable of carrying large cargos |
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Term
| What part of the world was not participating in Global Trade by 1750? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name of the first group of native peoples Europeans interacted with in the Caribbean |
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Definition
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Term
| encomienda system in Hispaniola |
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Definition
| system used by spanish that made Tainos work for them in mines and fields. In return for labor, they were looked after and converted to Christianity by Spanish Settlers |
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Term
| who were the conquistadores? |
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Definition
| Spanish conquerors who explored American mainland and defeated major empires such as the Aztecs and Incas |
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Term
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Definition
Conquered Aztecs
looking for gold |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Controlled centers of authority, representatives of the King, had checks on their power from audiencias (courts) who reviewed their decisions and policies. |
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Term
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Definition
Portugal claimed all lands east of line drawn by treaty
Spain gained all land west (got much larger amount of land)
370 line |
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Term
| How did the Spanish and Portuguese view the new world? |
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Definition
| A place to exploit and administer rather than settle and colonize |
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Term
Did slavery exist in Africa before Europeans arrived?
Describe |
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Definition
| Yes, many societies had slaves, but most of them were war captives and criminals. Slaves had no individual or personal rights, but some became administrators, soldiers, or advisors. Slaves had oportunites to be with their families. |
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Term
| European effect on Slave trade? |
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Definition
Europeans increased slavery.
First just portugal, then spain and others, began to take slaves to the americas by the thousands. They needed them to work land and mines because the natives had been killed. Slave trade caused more violence in africa as people turned on each other and took advantage of it. Some trives turned into slave raiders, while others fell victim. |
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Term
| Describe the three legs of the triangle trade |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the middle passage |
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Definition
terrible conditions
many deaths
slaves stored in cramped conditions below decks
if sick, often thrown into ocean so it didn't spread
many did not survive |
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Term
| What was the most succesful Slave revolt in history? |
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Definition
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Term
| Around when was slave trade abolished in most european countries? |
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Definition
1803 (denmark) - 1817 (netherlands)
...1845 (Spain) |
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Term
| Around when was SLAVERY abolished in most European countries and the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What book did Jared Diamond Write? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was geographic luck? who had it? |
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Definition
| Europe had geographic luck, they had large farm animals from which they benifited and also developed immunities to many diseases. They had the means to make new weapons and technology, and because Eurasia was east to west, ideas and goods spread easier then in america (north to south) |
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Term
| Motive behind conquest of Incas and Aztecs? |
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Definition
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