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| After the defeat of Napolean, European rulers moved to restore the old order. This was the goal of the Great Powers--GB, Aus., Prussia, and Russia-- when they met at the Congress of Vienna in September 1814 to arrange final peace settlements. The leader of the congress was the Austrian foreign minister, Prince Kelemens Von Metternich. |
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| Lawful monarchs from the royal families that had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to their positions of power in order to keep peace and stability in Europe. |
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| Strong pride in heritage whether or not your culture has a country of its own. |
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| A political philosophy based largely on Enlightenment principles, held that people should be as free as possible from government restraint. |
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| Political philosophy based on tradition and social stability. Most conservatives at the time favored obedience to political authority and believed that organized religion was crucial to order in society. |
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| Effects of Liberalism in Europe |
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| Nationalism and liberalism forces continued to grow. These forces of change erupted once more in the revolutions of 1848. Revolutions in France, Trouble in German States, Revolutions in central Europe, and Revolts in the Italian States. |
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| Elected on universal male sufferage |
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| Bismarck's Foreign Policy |
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| Conflict that started with Russians invading the Turkish Balkan provinces of Moldavia and Walachia. In response, the Ottoman Turks declared war on Russia. Great Britain and France, fearful of Russian gains, declared war on Russia the following year. This conflict came to be known as the Crimean War. |
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Alex II
-Zemstvos
-Mirs
-Emancipation Edict |
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Alex III
-Russification
-Pogroms |
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Nicholas II
-Bloody Sunday
-Russo-Japanese War
-Duma |
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| Trekked throughout Africa for 30 years and he spent much of his time exploring the interior of the continent. |
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Hired by the New York Herald to find Livingstone. He found him on the eastern shore and greeted the explorer by saying, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume."
He explored the Congo River in Central Africa and sailed down it to the Atlantic Ocean. Soon, he was encouraging the British to send settlers to the Congo River basin. When Britain refused, he turned to Kind Leopold of Belgium. |
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| In 1854, a French entrepreneur Ferdinand de Lesseps, signed a contract to begin the building of the Suez Canal. To connect the Mediterranean and Red Seas. |
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The British government forced Cecil Rhodes to resign as prime minister of Cape Colony after discovering that he planned to overthrow the Boer government of South African Republic without his government's approval. The British action was too late to avoid a war between the British and the Boers. This war dragged on from 1899 through 1902 British people responded to the Boers guerilla resistance by burning crops and herding about 120,000 Boer women and children into detention camps, where lack of food cause some 20,000 deaths. Eventually, the vastly larger British army won.
In 1910, the British created an independant Union of South Africa which combined the old Cape Colony and the Boer Republics. |
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| One of Rhodes goals: to build a series of British colonies in Africa "from Cape to Cairo" all linked by a railroad. |
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| The only African country that remained independent from the Imperialism. |
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| Met to settle conflicting claims, the Berlin Conference officially recognized both British and German claims for territory in East Africa. Portugal received a clear claim on Mozambique. No African delegates were present at the conference. |
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| European nations saw them as a source of raw materials. No longer were Western gold and silver traded for cloves, pepper, tea, and silk. Now the products of European factories were sent to Africa and Asia in return for oil, tin, rubber and tea other resources needed to fuel European industries. |
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| Areas where the imperial powers had exclusive trading rights. Adter the Tai Ping Rebellion, warlords in the provinces began to negotiate directly with foreign nations. |
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| Peasant revolt brought about by the failure of the Chinese government to deal with pressing internal economic problems led by Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convert who view himself as a younger brother of Jesus Christ. |
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| First: The British tried to negotiate with the Chinese to improve the trade imbalance. When negotiations failed, the British turned to trading opium. Chinese didn't like it. British refused to stop their activity. Chinese blockaded area in Guangzhou in order to force the traders to surrender their chests of opium. The British responded with force, stating the Opium war. Chinese were no match for the British. When British fleet sailed almost unopposed up the Chang Jiang to Nanjing, the Qing dynasty made peace. |
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| The Open Door policy reflected American concern for the survival of China. However, it also reflected the interests of some trading companies in the United States. These companies wanted to operate in open markets and disliked the existing division of China into separate spheres of influence dominated by individual states. |
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| The Open Door policy came too late to stop the Boxer Rebellion. The Bxers were upset by the foreign takeover of Chinese lands. They esp. disliked Christian missionaries. These people roamed the countryide and slaughtered foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians. Their victims also included foreign businessmen and even the German envoy to Beijing. |
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| Japan signed the treaty under military pressure. Treaty between Japan and US provided for the return of ship-wrecked American sailors, the opening of two ports to Western traders, and the establishment of a US consulate in Japan. |
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| The Meiji ruler was controlled by the Sat-Cho leaders just as earlier emeperors had been controlled bu the shogunate. Moved capital to Edo (now Tokyo). Overall modernized Japan. |
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Entrance of USA
-Money
-Zimmerman Telegram
-Lusitania |
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End of War
-11/11/1918
-Weimer Republic |
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