Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synthesis of proteins; centriole replication |
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| synthesis of machinery necessary for cell division; complete centriole "maturation |
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| semiconservative replication |
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Definition
| each strand of existing DNA serves as a template for replication of a new strand of DNA. At the end of replication process,two double helix DNAs have been formed from the original DNA |
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Definition
| unwind and separate the two strands of DNA |
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Term
| Replication of dna begins with what? |
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Definition
| formation of RNA primer performed by a primase enzyme and then the DNA polymerase can mind to RNA primer |
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| Which strand does DNA polymerase synthesize? |
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Definition
Leading strange, continuous and smooth
because DNA molecule has a specific polarity or oreination |
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| What is the function of the ligase enzyme? |
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Definition
| ties together the fragments of the lagging strand called Okazaki fragments to complete continuity of the replicated DNA |
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| Finally the histone proteins reconfigure around the newly duplicated DNA |
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Definition
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| duplicated halves of the DNA are now referred to as sister chromatids they are joined in the center by centromere to form final chromosome |
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Definition
organization of mitotic spindles
centrioles separate; extend microtubules, nuclear membrane breaks up |
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| where do microtubules attach to? |
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Definition
| part of centromere called kinetochore |
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Term
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Definition
| unique sequence of DNA bound to protein |
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Definition
| chromosomes aligned in center, microtubules extend from kinetochores of centromers of chomosome to centrioles. each side |
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Definition
| separation of sister chromatids "pulled" by microtubules |
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Definition
| uncoild chromosome, reform nuclear membrane around daughter chromosomes |
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Term
| Cytokinesis, what causes cleavage furrow and squeezes cell apart |
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Definition
cell membrane division to two daughter cells
actin |
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Term
| name control mechanisms which limit cell replication |
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Definition
surface to volume ratio- critical cell size, inadequate meeting of nutritional needs
contact inhibition- stops proliferation, when cells touch e/o stops multiplying/rapidly process
regulatory proteins- proteins whose concentrations and or activity increase/decrease thorughout cell cycle to effect preparation and execution of cell division
cyclins
cdk-cylcin dependent kinases |
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Term
| Does cyclin increase, decrease, both, or stay constant during cell cycle? |
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Definition
| increase and decrease concentration of cyclin |
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| Are cdks constant or vary during cell cycle? |
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Definition
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| DNA serves as the blueprint for protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Definition
a segment of DNA which serves as the blueprint for a single polypeptide
blueprint for each amino acid is 1 triplet of DNA as shown |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesisze mRNA from DNA template in order to transfer info from DNA to RNA. Occurs in the nucleus |
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Definition
| synthesize a protein off of mRNA template. Occurs in cytoplasm. Uses mRNA, tRNA, and ribosome |
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Term
| Which base is exposed during transcription? |
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Definition
nitrogen
DNA molecule is unzipped and nitrogen bases are exposed
RNA polymerase- synthesizes mRNA; complimentary base pairing; G:C, A:U |
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| What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription |
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Definition
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| mRNA is a mirror image of DNA |
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Definition
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Definition
| three sequential bases reprsent this, which will ultimately code for an amino acid. many codons are found on one mRNA strand |
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| The synthesized product of transcription is actually a pre-mRNA which is edited or shortened to form the mRNA which will be used for transcription |
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Definition
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| non-informational regions;edited out |
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Definition
| informational regions; left in and spliced together |
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Definition
| ribosomes bind with mRNA to begin process of translation. Ribosomes contain two subunits large and small |
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| Which is the first binding site for tRNA |
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Definition
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| What is the 2nd binding sight for tRNA |
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Definition
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| 3rd binding site for tRNA? |
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Definition
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| What does the tRNA carry? |
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Definition
anticodons and amino acid
each anticodon is specific for each amino acid |
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Definition
| multiple ribosomes can bind with mRNA; allows formation of multiple copies of a specific protein from one template |
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Definition
| fluid and matrix which make up connective tissue |
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| developmental aspect of cells |
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Definition
cell differentiation
hyperplasia - number of cells increase
hypertrophy- size of cell increase
atrophy- los of size/no longer functional
cell aging and apoptosis |
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