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Z341 Midterm
Axial, appendicular, tissues, joints Terms
111
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/30/2009

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Term
Midsagittal, Medial
Definition
Vertical plane that passes midway through the body; equal right and left sides
Term
Parasagittal
Definition
Vertical plane dividing the body into unequal left and right sides, on either side of midsagittal
Term
Frontal, coronal
Definition
Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Term
Horizontal, transverse
Definition
Parallel to the ground dividing body into upper and lower halves
Term
Anatomical position
Definition
The body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body
Term
Longitudinal
Definition
refers to long axis
Term
transverse
Definition
at right angles to long axis
Term
Oblique
Definition
slanting
Term
median
Definition
The midline or center plane (A location)
Term
superior, cephalic
Definition
toward the head or center plane (a location)
Term
Cranial inferior, caudal
Definition
toward the tail or lower part of structure
Term
medial
Definition
Nearer to midline or center plane (A direction)
Term
Lateral
Definition
further from midline or center plane
Term
Anterior
Definition
Toward or at the front; in front of
Term
Posterior
Definition
toward or at the rear; behind
Term
Dorsal
Definition
refers to the backl also back of hand and top of foot
Term
Ventral
Definition
Refers to front
Term
Deep
Definition
Further from surface; refers to solid form
Term
Superficial
Definition
nearer to surface; refers to solid form
Term
Internal
Definition
inside; refers to wall of cavity of a hollow form
Term
External
Definition
outside; refers to wall of cavity of a hollow form
Term
Proximal
Definition
nearer to root of limb; nearer to axial skeleton
Term
Distal
Definition
Further from root of limb, farther away from axial skeleton
Term
Palmar
Definition
Refers to palm-side of hand
Term
Plantar
Definition
Refers to sole of foot
Term
Supine
Definition
Forearm and hand; turned palm-side up
Term
Prone
Definition
forearm and hand, turned palm-side down
Term
Invert
Definition
Turn inward ( As foot at ankle joint)
Term
Evert
Definition
Turn outward (as foot at ankle joint; also lower limb)
Term
Intermediate
Definition
Between other structures
Term
Ipsilateral
Definition
Same side of body
Term
Contralateral
Definition
On opposite sides of body
Term
Bone
Definition
Calcified organs composing the skeleton
Term
Cartilage
Definition
Substance from which bone ossifies; a type of connective tissue
Term
Joint; articulation
Definition
Junction between bones
Term
Head
Definition
Enlarged round end of a long bone
Term
Neck
Definition
Constriction of a bone near its head
Term
Body
Definition
Broadest or longest mass of a bone
Term
Shaft
Definition
Body of a long bone, diaphysis
Term
Symphysis
Definition
Union of complementary right and left halves at the midline
Term
Eminence
Definition
Low convexity (Just perceptible)
Term
Protuberance; tubercle
Definition
Bump (Usually can be felt under finger), larger than eminence
Term
Process
Definition
Projection
Term
Spine
Definition
Pointed projection or sharp process
Term
Crest
Definition
ridge or border
Term
Condyle
Definition
Polished or rounded articular surface
Term
Epicondyle
Definition
Elevation above or proximal to a condyle
Term
Trochlea
Definition
Spool-shaped articular surface
Term
Facet
Definition
Small articular area
Term
Fossa
Definition
Shallow depression
Term
Foramen
Definition
hole
Term
Canal
Definition
tubular passage
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Ends of long bones
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
middle/shaft of long bones
Term
Synarthroses Joints
Definition
Joints that lack a joint capsule and joint cavity; the bones are bound together permitting little or no movement
Term
Diarthroses Joints
Definition
Joints that posses a joint capsule that allow for considerable freedom of movement
Term
Fibrous joints
Definition
Sutures, syndesmoses
Term
Cartilaginous joints
Definition
Synchondroses, symphyses
Term
Synovial joints
Definition
Hinge joints, condyloid joints, ball and socket joints, pivot or rotary joints, plantar or gliding joints, saddle joints
Term
Uniaxial; monoaxial
Definition
Movement in one plane or around one axis
Term
Biaxial
Definition
Movement in two planes or axes
Term
Multiaxial
Definition
Movement in or around three planes or axes
Term
Flexion
Definition
Decreases angle between two bones or surfaces
Term
Extension
Definition
Increases angle between two bones or surfaces
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
Flexing or raising the dorsal surface of the foot
Term
Plantarflexion
Definition
Flexing the plantar surface of the foot, depressing the foot and pointing the toes
Term
Abduction
Definition
Movement away from the midline
Term
Adduction
Definition
Return to the midline; movement to midline
Term
Circumduction
Definition
Moving a limb in a circular motion (Involves a number of different actions in succession)
Term
Rotation
Definition
Moving a bone around its axis, movement of a joint in a single rotary axis
Term
Elevation
Definition
To raise or move superiorly
Term
Depression
Definition
To lower or move inferiorly
Term
Pronation
Definition
Movement involving forearm, radius rotates medially around ulna, ends with dorsal side of hand facing forward
Term
Supination
Definition
Reverse pronation; rotate radius laterally, ends with palm facing forward
Term
Inversion
Definition
Turn foot in, rotate sole medially
Term
Eversion
Definition
Turn foot out, rotate sole laterally
Term
Protraction
Definition
Move mandible forward, jut jaw out
Term
Retraction
Definition
Move mandible back from protracted position
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
Location: Makes up inside bones of the body
Function: Support
Term
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Definition
Location: Forms Tendons
Function: Provides strong attachment between various structures
Term
Hyaline Cartilage
Definition
Location: Ends of long bones
Function: Flexibility
Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition
Location: Heart wall
Function: Pumps blood to all parts of the body
Term
Skeletal Muscle tissue
Definition
Location: Attaches to bones
Function: Motion
Term
Stratified squamous Epithelium
Definition
Location: Covers tongue
Function: Protection
Term
simple squamous epithelium
Definition
Function: Lines heart
Function: Filtration
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
Location: Nervous system
Function: Conducts nerve impulses
Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition
Location: Airway to lungs
Function: Motion
Term
Dense irregular connective tissue
Definition
Location: Joint capsules
Function: Provides strength
Term
Adipose tissue
Definition
Location: Subcutaneous deep to skin
Function: Reduces heat loss through skin
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Location: Lines the stomach
Function: Secretion and absorption
Term
Compact bone
Definition
Location: Make up the outside of bones in the body
Function: Support
Term
Function of the axial skeleton
Definition
Protection/support
Term
Features for appendicular skeleton
Definition
Articulation
Term
Scapula function
Definition
Attachment of shoulder muscles
Term
Clavicle function
Definition
Support from scapula and free limbs
Term
Humerus function
Definition
Attachment site
Term
Radius function
Definition
Rotate the forearm
Term
Ulna function
Definition
Flexion and extension
Term
Carpal function
Definition
Intercalated segments
Term
Metacarpal function
Definition
Move fingers
Term
Phalanges function
Definition
Movement; grip
Term
Ilium function
Definition
Attachment site for muscles of abdomen and back
Term
Ischium function
Definition
Supports body during sitting
Term
Pubis function
Definition
Muscle attachment
Term
Femur Function
Definition
Support and movement
Term
Patella function
Definition
Increase power of quadriceps when knee extends
Term
Tibia function
Definition
Movement
Term
Fibula function
Definition
Muscle attachment
Term
Tarsals function
Definition
Balance
Term
Bones of the carpals
Definition
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Term
Bones of the Tarsals
Definition
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
Later cuneiform
Cuboid
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