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Zoology exam worms, jellies, sponges
annelids nemotodes nematoda annelida platyhelminthes, porifera
163
Biology
Undergraduate 3
12/17/2012

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Term
What are the three worm phyla?
Definition
platyhelminthes, annelida, nematoda
Term
what is the common name for platyhelminthes?
Definition
flatworms
Term
Name 3 important anatomical features of platyhelminthes
Definition
aceolomate, tripoblastic, body wall has opposing muscle
Term
what does tripoblastic mean?
Definition
3 germ layers in embryo en, mes, ecto
Term
how is the gut arranged in a platyhelminthe?
Definition
diverticulated/branched
Term
where is the pharynx located on platyhelminthes?(mouth area)
Definition
centrally under body
Term
what is the name of the free living flatworms?
Definition
class turbilleria planaria
Term
do platyhelminthes epidermis have cilia?
Definition
yes they do
Term
where is the mouth on a platy?
Definition
ventral central
Term
are platyhelminthes mono or dioecious?
Definition
monoecious both sexes
Term
what are the classes of the parasitic non free living platys?
Definition
cestoda-flatworms, trematoda-flukes
Term
how do flatworms feed?
Definition
carnivorous eat sessile invertebrates ie sponges
Term
what do platys do with pharynx when eating?
Definition
they evert it, puncture prey, secrete enzymes, and suck up fluids tissue
Term
what sex are the flatworms?
Definition
hermaphrodites both sperm and egg. they exchange sperm packets
Term
can flatworms reproduce any other way?
Definition
yeas binary fission you cut off a piece will fully develop into new worm.
Term
Do flatworms mimic any creature?
Definition
yea they mimic sea slugs
Term
What is the common name for nematoda?
Definition
Roundworms
Term
what kind of blastula do nema's have?
Definition
tripoblastic
Term
what kind of muscle do nematodes have?
Definition
longitudinal only
Term
what kind of coelum do nematodes have?
Definition
psuedo coelum, filled with fluid. mesoderm only around body wall not organs
Term
how many species of nematoda?
Definition
25k everywhere
Term
how big are most nematodes?
Definition
really tiny like the vinegar eels
Term
what phylum of worms is ascaris?
Definition
nematoda
Term
do nematoda molt?
Definition
yes
Term
what kind of nerve cords do nematodes have?
Definition
dorsal and ventral nerve cords
Term
what kind of pharynx do nematodes have?
Definition
muscular
Term
what are the sensory structures of nematodes?
Definition
sensory lips
Term
are nematodes monoecious or dioecious?
Definition
dioecious 2 different sexes
Term
what are two common names for annelids?
Definition
earthworm and the leeches
Term
which worm phyla have cephalization?
Definition
flatworms platyhelminthes, and annelida earthworms
Term
are annelids tripoblastic?
Definition
yes
Term
what is the blastula like for all worm phyla?
Definition
tripoblastic
Term
what is the phylum that is trully segmented?
Definition
annelida
Term
what kind of symmetry in annelids?
Definition
bilateral
Term
what kind of muscles found in annelida?
Definition
longitudinal and circular muscle
Term
what kind of coelum do annelids have?
Definition
true coelum fluid filled surrounds organs
Term
who has complete digestive systems? mouth and anus?
Definition
NOT free living flat worms.
ANnelida does and so does nematoda
Term
can annelids be monoecious?
Definition
yes
Term
what kind of 'stome are annelids?
Definition
protostome radial cleavage indeterminate
Term
do annelids regenerate when cut?
Definition
no they do not. NOT earthworms
Term
what are the classes of segmented worms?
Definition
oligochaetes and polychaetes
Term
how many setae per segment in segmented worms?
Definition
2 per segment
Term
how many setae per segment in segmented worms?
Definition
2 per segment
Term
what are setae
Definition
bristles/hairs
Term
what are parapodia?
Definition
legs like feet
Term
most segmented worms are monoecious?t/f
Definition
true
Term
how many kidney/nephridia per segment?
Definition
1 pair per segment
Term
do annelida have a brain?
Definition
somewhat
Term
what are polychaetes?
Definition
freeliving segmented worms with setae=chaete many
Term
do polychaetes have parapodia?
Definition
yes
Term
how do polychaetes feed?
Definition
some are carnivores some are sessile filter feeders
Term
what kind of muscles in polychetes
Definition
longitudinal and circular
Term
what do the oblique muscles control in polychaetes?
Definition
parapodia feet
Term
what is an example of a scary polychaete?
Definition
Neries
Term
what are the most common marine annelids?
Definition
class polychaeta
Term
do some polychates live in tubes?
Definition
yes
Term
are all tube dwellers sessile?
Definition
no some can be errant move around
Term
all sessile polychates are tube dwellers? t/f
Definition
true
Term
where do tube dweller worms live?
Definition
sessile ones near volcanic sea floor
Term
do some worms have jaws?
Definition
yes polychate naeris
Term
all polychaetes have parapodia and settae? T/F
Definition
True
Term
is being a sessile an evolutionary reversal?
Definition
yes
Term
what kind of symmetry do sessile polychaetes have?
Definition
radial symmetry
Term
how do the polychaetes breathe?
Definition
tentacles serve as gills
Term
how do predatory polychaetes feed?
Definition
exude pharynx for glycera
and neiris has jaws
Term
how do sessile polychaetes feed?
Definition
filter feed. example chaetopterus and fan worms
Term
what are deposit feeding womrs?
Definition
live in mud and dissolve nutriunts through diffusion
Term
what are examples of deposit feeders
Definition
spaghetti worm, lug worm
Term
how do most polychaetes reproduce?
Definition
mostly sexual by spawning
Term
are polychates mono or dioecious?
Definition
most diocious, can be hermaphrodiets.
Term
what kind of of larvae are found in polychaetes?
Definition
trocophore larvae looks similar to some snail mollusc larvae
Term
what is eptoky?
Definition
polychaetes release free smimming reproductiove forms called epitokes which can be bioluminescent and travel to each other
Term
what form of polychaetes uses epitoky and why
Definition
sessiles because cant move to mate
Term
what is significant about oligochates in their name?
Definition
few bristles meaning diminished setae chaetes
Term
do polychaetes have clitellum?
Definition
no
Term
what is clitellum?
Definition
reproductive piece that is a mucous capsule where eggs are laid which later falls off and develops into embryos
Term
how does clitellum keep from drying eggs?
Definition
PROTEINS PROTECTIVE CAPSULE
Term
do oligochates have parapodia?
Definition
no
Term
how do oligochates breath?
Definition
through body wall by diffusion
Term
where can oligochates be found?
Definition
freshwater or terrestrial
Term
do oligochatea have head?
Definition
yes but reduced
Term
what is an example of oligochate
Definition
lumbricus, tubifex.
Term
are all oligochaetes mono or dioecious?
Definition
hermaphrodites so monoecious both sex organs ALL OF THEM ARE
Term
what are some organs that earthworm has?
Definition
mouth, esophogus, crop, gizzard, intestine
Term
oligochaetes have what special about their circulatory system?
Definition
they have hemoglobin like us
Term
what is the purpose of the crop?
Definition
to store for later
Term
what is the purpose of gizzards in earthworm
Definition
to grind up food
Term
whats special about intestine in earthworm?
Definition
its curved in to increase surface area cuz of many indigestibles
Term
what is the "liver" in an earthworm?
Definition
chloragen cells
Term
what kind of skeleton do earthworms have?
Definition
hydrostatic
Term
do all annelids have hydrostatic skeleton?
Definition
yes
Term
how do movement of oligochates and polychates differ?
Definition
oligochates dont have parapodia which other does have and uses
Term
sessile polychates and oligochates use what kind of movement method?
Definition
peristalysis
Term
what is peristalysis?
Definition
how oligochates move. they change shape of body wall stretch and pull
Term
what happens when circular muscles contract?
Definition
squish forward
Term
what is class hirudenia?
Definition
leeches
Term
what kind of parasites are leeches?
Definition
exo-parasite outside
Term
do hirudenia have septa?
Definition
no. no septa means no peristalysis
Term
do hirudenia still have segmentation?
Definition
yes
Term
how do leeches move?
Definition
snake like with sucktion cups on both ends
Term
how much food do leeches eat?
Definition
3x body weight per meal. fat whores
Term
what is special about leeches?
Definition
they have salivary anticoagulants
Term
who are the parasitic worms?
Definition
nematodes, hirudinea(annelid), platyhelminthes
Term
what is definition of parasitic relationship?
Definition
parasite benefit, host detrimental
Term
what is endoparasite?
Definition
lives inside organs/tissue
Term
what are the two hosts?
Definition
primary and intermediate/secondary
Term
what is defined as primary host?
Definition
where parasite lives as adult and has sex
Term
secondary host?
Definition
juvenile in cow muscles
Term
what are the evolutionary trends of parasitic worms?
Definition
lose cns, lose head, decrease gut, increased reproduction, some have non-sepearted cytoplasms
Term
what does tegument become in parasitic worms?
Definition
syncsytium
Term
do parasitic worms have microvilli?
Definition
yes for increased surface area for diffusion of nutrients
Term
what is special about reproduction in parasitic worms?
Definition
MAIN FUNCTION reproduce. asexual stages and sexual stages
Term
what is the common name for platyhelminthes trematoda?
Definition
flukes
Term
what is the life cycle for platy trematoda flukes?
Definition
cilliated MIRACIDIUM (swimmer),
becomes sporocyst makes many
redia makes many
cercaria swimming tail becomes
metacercaria, becomes adult
Term
what do parasites have to avoid?
Definition
dislodgement, digestion, use anesthetic, immune system,
Term
what are the two platyhelminthes parasite classes?
Definition
trematoda-flukes
cestoda-tapeworms
Term
are flukes monoecious?
Definition
yes, schitzostomes can be dioecious
Term
what is definitive host of chinese liver fluke?
Definition
vertebrates
Term
what is receptacle for in fluke?
Definition
sperm acceptor
Term
what is special about trematode schitostoma?
Definition
dioecious and female lives in male.
Term
where can you find schistostomas?
Definition
200 million in africa
Term
what is special about cestoda?
Definition
they make proglotids and have a scolex
Term
what does it mean to be gravid?
Definition
pregnant like in tapeworms cestoda
Term
what is bad if you eat the tapeworm in the wrong time in life cycle?
Definition
develop cysts form oncospheres landing in all organs which should only happen in intermediate host
Term
which class responsible for cysts in brain?
Definition
cestoda cysts cestoda
Term
what is special about nematoda parasites?
Definition
they travel to lungs first coughed up and swallowed into intestine
Term
nematoda hookworm lifecycle
Definition
feces, walk on it, burrow in your foot, go to blood, find way to lungs, coughed up, swallowed
Term
what is fillarial in fillarial nematodes?
Definition
long skinny thread like
Term
how do filarials travel
Definition
mosquito sucks larvae from infected host and injects into new hosts.
Term
where can fillarial worms live?
Definition
heart, blood, lymph vessels
Term
elephantysis is caused by what?
Definition
fillarial nematoda infection lymph nodes preventing fluid from traveling back
Term
what is special about annelida hirudonea leeches?
Definition
chitonous jaws, no setae, no septa in coelum, sense organs spread around body
Term
what is significant about porifera sponges?
Definition
no symmetry, various holes, filter water
Term
what are the large holes called in sponges?
Definition
osculum excurrent
Term
do sponges have germ layers/tissues?
Definition
no
Term
what are collagen fibers caled in sponges
Definition
spongin
Term
what are the two types of spicules?
Definition
calcarious, siliceious
Term
what can you use to ditermine species of sponge?
Definition
distribution and composition of spicules
Term
what is class heactinellida?
Definition
porifera glass sponge
Term
what do choanocytes resemble?
Definition
choanoflagellates which are NOT sponges
Term
what do sponges have that no one else does?
Definition
cells called choanocytes
Term
how do choanocytes create water flow?
Definition
using flagella to move water
Term
how do sponges trap food and sperm?
Definition
they flow water through a net like struckture around flagella on choanocytes
Term
how do sponges reproduce sexually?
Definition
choanocytes become sperm or ova. usually monoecious
Term
what is a pinacocyte?
Definition
cell that covers surface of sponge and is flat
Term
how can sponges alter water flow?
Definition
pinacocytes change shape to alter water flow
Term
what is phagocytosis?
Definition
all cells in sponges are slef sufficient but are still together.
Term
Can a choanocyte become a pinacocyte?
Definition
yes because all sponge cells are totipotent
Term
what are amoebocytes?
Definition
cells found in mesohyl
Term
what are the 3 forms of sponge?
Definition
asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid
Term
what is ostia mean?
Definition
where water flows in in sponge
Term
where does water flow in oscula?
Definition
out
Term
what is the name of the space in a asconoid?
Definition
spongocoel/atrium also found in syconoid
Term
what is the water flow in syconoid sponge?
Definition
osteum to incurrent canal to prosopyle to flaggelated chamber to apopyle to atrium to osculum
Term
what is the largest most complex sponge type?
Definition
leuconoid
Term
do leuconoid sponges have an atrium?
Definition
no to complex
Term
how is repiration and exretion accomlished in sponges?
Definition
diffusion
Term
what kind of reproduction do sponges have?
Definition
asexual and sexual
Term
what is one form of asuexual reproduction in sponges?
Definition
regeneration, fragmentation, budding
Term
what is viviparous in sponges?
Definition
sperm is release in clouds and goes to other sponge and captured then released larvae
Term
what is class calcarea?
Definition
porifera carbonate spicules
Term
who has not six rayed spicules made of silicone around a filmaent with spongin network?
Definition
demospongia
Term
what is unique about heactinellida?
Definition
6 rayed spicules glass, pretty shapes lattices
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