Term
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Definition
| Complete Digestive System & Bilateral System |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Hemichordata
(Acornworms) |
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Definition
Marine, Shallow Water
Stromochord (mouthcord)
Gill Slits, Hollow, Dorsal Nerve Cord
Median Between: Echinoderm & Chordates
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Term
1. Notochord
2. Dorsal Nerve Cord
3. Pharyngeal Gill Slits
4. Post Anal Tail
5. Endostyle or Thyroid Gland |
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Definition
| What are the 5 characteristics of a chordate? |
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Term
1. Urochordata
2. Cephalochordata
3. Vertebrata |
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Definition
| What are the 3 Subphylums Under Phylum Chordata? |
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Term
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Definition
| Describe the structure of the notochord. |
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Term
Inverts- ventral & solid tube
Anterior end becomes a brain
(Similar to human spinal cord) |
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Definition
| Describe the structure/function of the dorsal nerve cord. |
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Term
Propulsatory Organ
human: vestigial tail |
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Definition
| Describe the structure of the post anal tail. |
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Term
1. Urochordata
2. Cephalochordata
3. Vertebrata |
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Definition
| What are the 3 subphylums under Phylum Chordata? |
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Term
| To secrete iodinated(iodine) hormones. |
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Definition
| What is the function of the endostyle/thyroid gland? |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata
Tunicates, Sea Squirts
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Definition
Sessile as an adult
Larvae look like a tadpole (All 5 Characteristics)
Tail, Notochord disappear
DNC-reduced |
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Term
| A non-living tunic (cellulose) |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Cephalachordata |
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Definition
5-7cm
Coastal Waters
≈25 Species→ 4 Species N.A.
All 5 Chordate Characteristics as Adult
Hepatic Caecum & Diverticulum
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Term
The 5 Characterisitics of Chordates (notochord, dnc, pharyngeal gill slits, pat, and endostyle/thyroid gland)
**Cranium
**(Most) Vertebrae
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Definition
| Name the characterisitics of a vertebrate. |
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Term
Integument- epithelial tissue (outer epidermis), connective tissue (inner dermis)
Endoskeleton- cartilage or bone
Digestive- Muscularized, Hepatic Caecum (Liver), Diverticulum (Pancreas) |
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Definition
| Describe the integument, endoskeleton, digestive track of organisms in phylum chordata, subphylum vertebrata. |
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Term
Kidneys- Paired
Brain- Highly differentiated (tripartite)
Appendages- (most) 2 pairs
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Definition
| Describe the Kidneys, Brain, Appendages of organisms in phylum chordata, sunphylum vertebrata. |
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Term
Dioecious
Endocrine System |
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Definition
| Are organisms in phylum chordata, subphylum verterbrata dioecious or monoecious? What is the main system in the body? |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
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Definition
Cambrian Fossils
Garstang's Hypothesis
Paedomorphosis
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Term
| The retention of juvenile traits in an adult body. |
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Definition
| What does the term 'paedomorphosis' mean? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the Earliest Vertebrate known? |
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Term
1. Agnathans
2. Hagfish (No Vertebrae)
3. Lamprey
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Definition
| Name 3 Types of Jawless Fish. |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the Devonian Period known as? |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Myxin |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Myxin |
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Definition
Marine
Scavengers/Predators
Mostly blind, Very good sense of smell
Keratinized teeth
Produce slime (defense mechanism)
Osmotic Equilibrium with seawater
NO paired appendages (fins)
Main heart→3 accessory hearts
Produce large yolky eggs
Females 100::Males 1
Skeleton-fibrous/cartilage |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Cephalaspidomorphi |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Cephalaspidomorphi |
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Definition
-Parasitic/predatory
-Semelparous
-Ascend into F.W. to breed
-Anadromous
-Male build nests (rock)
-Attach to fish & rasp/suck out body fluids (Anticoagulant)
-Larvae (look like amphioxus)(3-7 years)
-Non-parasitics
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Term
Canal-Lamprey
Spread Rapidly
Fisheries Collapsed
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Definition
| Describe the Great Lakes in relation to the lampreys. |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes |
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Definition
Most are marine
Cartilaginous skeleton-phosphatized teeth
Heterocercal caudal fin (Tails not symmetrical)
Ventral mouth
Placoid Scales (skin feels like sandpaper, made of dentin)
7 Gill Pairs
Hyperosmotic Blood (Lots of urea) |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes |
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Definition
Strong sense of smell
Strong sense of touch (vibrations)-lateral line
Paired appendages
Male pelvic fin modified into a clasper (holds female)
Most are predatory
Electroreceptors (ampullae of lorinzini)
Ovoviviparous
Viviparous |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Group Osteichythes |
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Definition
Bonyfish
96% of fish species
Endochondral Bone (inside skeleton)
Swim bladder (float up or down) buoyany |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Actinopterygii |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Sarcopterygii |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
Order Gymnophiona |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
Order Urodela |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
Order Anura |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Reptilia |
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Definition
| Turtles, Snakes, Lizards, Crocodiles, Tuatarus |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Aves |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Actinopterygii |
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Definition
Homocercal tail
Cycloid, ctenoid, or ganoid scales
Jaws with teeth (enamal covering)
Operculum
**Fins supported by dermal rays |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Sarcopterygii |
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Definition
Heterocercal Tail
Jaws with teeth
Operculum
Lungfish & Coelocanth
8 Species |
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Term
1. Swim bladder-body tissues are more dense than water
Pueumatic duct- esophagus→swim bladder
2. Gulp air
3. Gas can be absorbed by blood |
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Definition
| Describe the 3 main structures of bonyfish. |
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Term
Gills
Thin filaments with a thin epithelial membrane
-lots of blood vessels
-85% oxygen |
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Definition
| Describe the respiration system of bonyfish. |
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Term
hyperosmotic
-gain water, lose salts
-opisthonephric kidney
-salt absorbing cells located in gills |
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Definition
| Describe the osmotic regulation of F.W. bonyfish. |
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Term
Hypoosmotic
Lose water, gain salts
Salt excretory cells
kidney forms a very concentrated urine |
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Definition
| Describe the osmotic regulation of S.W./Marine bonyfish. |
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Term
Reproduction- oviparous (lay eggs outside of the body)
Migration- anadromous (live in sea but go into F.W. to spawn→ex. salmon) & catadromous (opposite of anadromous→ex. eels) |
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Definition
| Describe the reproduction & migration of bonyfish. |
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Term
oviparous- lays eggs outside of the body
ovoviviparous- female keeps eggs inside of her, but
gives birth to hatched baby)
viviparous- live birth (humans)
semelparous-lay all eggs at once, then dies)
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Definition
| What do the terms 'oviparous', 'oviviparous', 'viviparous', and 'semelparous' mean? |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
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Definition
4 Limbs
Smooth skin with glands
Mouth with teeth
Respire by lungs(adult), Gills(larvae), Skin(diffusion)
Heart-3 Chambered
Ectothermic="cold-blooded"
Yolky eggs with jelly-like membrane
Confined to water |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia |
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Definition
Herpetology-Amphibians & Reptiles
Tetrapods
Devonian Period
Carboniferous=Mississippian/Pennsylv. |
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Term
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Definition
| Name the 2 types of tetrapods (class amphibia). |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
Order Gymnophiona
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Definition
173 Species
Elongated, Limbless
Primary tropical
Nictitating membrane:
like windshield, wipers for eyes (frogs)
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
Order Urodela- Salamanders |
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Definition
550 species
Tropical/temperate
Most are aquatic their entire life
Spermatophores (fertilization internal)
Paedomorphosis
Lack Lungs |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia
Order Anura |
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Definition
Patchy distrubtions
Water
Declining populations
Come in contact with all of the ecosystem |
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Term
1. Tough, dry, scaly skin
2. Few glands
3. Jaws are designed for crushing/gripping
4. Have copulatory organs
5. Lungs more developed
6. Strategies to deal with water loss
-metanephritic kidney
7. Limbs are more evolved for land
8. Nervous system (more comlex) |
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Definition
| Name the differences from amphibians. |
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Term
Anapsid-Skull has 0 openings
Diapsids-2 Openings
Synapsids-1 Openings |
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Definition
| What do the terms 'anapsids', 'diapsids', 'synapsids'? |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Reptilia
Order Testudines |
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Definition
Carapace & Plastron
Limbs & Limb Girdles (inside ribs) |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Reptilia
Order Squamata |
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Definition
**Most diverse order
*viviparous
oviparous
poor eyesight
jacobson's organ
pitvipers |
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Term
Jacobson's organ-smell
Pitvipers-heat-sensitive organ |
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Definition
| What is the function of 'Jacobson's organ' & 'Pitvipers' |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Reptilia
Order Crocodilia |
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Definition
Closest thing to dinosaurs left
thecodonts-teeth in sockets
complex behavior |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Reptilia
Order Sphenodonta |
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Reptilia |
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Definition
Ectothermic ("cold-blooded")
Eat Monthly
Limited to living in certain areas |
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Term
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Definition
Endothermic
Eat daily
Live anywhere |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Endothermic ("warm-blooded")
beak, no teeth
have feathers/modified scales
wings
keel
hollow bones
highly developed digestive system
heart (large)
Lungs→ Parabronchi (air is flowing continously through lungs)/(9 air sacs)
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Aves |
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Definition
| This class has the most efficient respiratory system. |
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Term
Digestive- esophagus→crop→proventriculs→gizzard→S.I.→ ceca
ceca=fermentation chamber
Excretory- metanephritic kidney, urine passes out of ureter (uric acid)
Migration/Navigation- follow landmarks, magnetic fields (magnetite in neck & brain), day length stimulates migration.
Recently migration has stopped in many species. ex. Canada Goose |
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Definition
| Describe the digestive, excretory, and migration/navigation of organisms in Class Aves. |
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Term
Reproduction- Testis small→Migrating grow 300x
no penis, cloacal surfaces, one ovary (females), monogamy (90%)
Population- decreasing, waterfowl-wetlands (draining), hunting (duck stamps), Pitman-Robertson (1935)
songbirds-agriculture, pesticides, predators
starlings (exotic)(corn)
EXTINCT: Ivory billed woodpecker (old trees), passenger pigeon (hunting), Dodo |
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Definition
| Describe the reproduction and population of organisms in Class Aves. |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia |
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Definition
| The only class of synapsids discussed in class. |
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Term
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia |
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Definition
Hair (Keratin)
Mammory Glands-Sweat
Heterodont teeth (varying functions)
Diphyodont teeth (2 sets of teeth in the lifetime)
Carnivores, Insectivores, Herbivores, Ruminants (Cows-Regurgitate)
Wide array of appendages |
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Term
| Most have mating seasons and females usually have estiousand cycles. |
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Definition
| Describe the reproduction patterns of mammals. |
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Term
1. Monotremes
2. Marsupials
3. Placental mammals |
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Definition
| What are the 3 Reproduction patterns of mammals? |
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Term
Oviparous- when the eggs hatch the young attach to the mother and suckle milk
ex. Platypus |
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Definition
Monotremes=oviparous
What does this mean? Give an example. |
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Term
viviparous: live birth but pouched
-embryo encapsulated by shell membrane
-erode a depression in the uterine wall, absorb nutrients from mucosal lining
-gestation period is very short
-gives birth to embryos which then crawls in to pouch to attach to eat |
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Definition
Marsupials=viviparous
What does this mean? |
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Term
Viviparous- live birth
-Embryo remains in uterus and is nourished by placenta.
-Ling gestation, short lactation period. |
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Definition
Placental mammals= viviparous
What does this mean? |
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Term
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Definition
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