Shared Flashcard Set

Details

zzHROB 101 Test 2
Highlight Sheet 2
76
Other
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2010

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
motivation
Definition
directly effects performance; processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal
Term
Theory X
Definition
Managers believe employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it. (employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility
Term
Theory Y
Definition
managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play and therefore the average person can learn to accept and even seek responsibility
Term
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
Definition

5 needs:  physiological; safety; social; esteem; self-actualization

 

a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates, thus as each needs becomes satisfied the next one becomes dominant

Term
social, esteem, self-actualization
Definition
higher order needs
Term
physiological, safety
Definition
lower order needs
Term
hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, other bodily needs
Definition
physiological
Term
security and protection from physical and emotional harm
Definition
safety
Term
affection, belongingness, acceptance, friendship
Definition
social
Term
internal factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement, and external factors such as status, recognition and attention
Definition
esteem
Term
drive to become what we are capable of becoming, includes growth, achieving our potential, and self-fulfillment
Definition
self-actualization
Term
Herzberg's two-factor theory
Definition

aka motivation-hygiene theory; individual's relationship to work is basic and that attitude toward work can very well determine success or failure

hygiene factors - company policy and administration, supervision and salary, when adequate people will not be dissatisfied

recognition problems can get someone from neutral to satisfy

Term
McClelland's theory of need
Definition
states achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation
Term
drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive, to succeed
Definition
need for achievement
Term
need to make others behave in a way in which they would not have behaved otherwise
Definition
need for power
Term
desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships
Definition
need for affiliation
Term
self-determination theory
Definition

people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation

 

theory of motivation concerned with the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of extrinsic motivation

Term
goal-setting theory
Definition

specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance; three assumptions: goal is achievable; wants to achieve it; goal commitment

people motivated by difficult goals - challenging goals help focus get attention; difficult goals energize us to work harder to attain them; people persist in trying to attain difficult goals

Term
MbO
Definition
emphasizes particpatively set goals that are tangible, verifiable, and measurable
Term
equity theory
Definition
individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities
Term
four viewpoints of equity theory
Definition
other inside; other outside; self at same job in past; way being treated
Term
four changes to equity theory
Definition
change input; change outcome (ask for pay raise); distort perception of self; distort perception of others
Term
distributive justice
Definition
perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals
Term
procedural justice
Definition
perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards
Term
interactional justice
Definition
perceived degree to which an individual is treated with dignity, concern, and respect
Term
organizational justice
Definition
overall perception of what is fair in the workplace, composed of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice
Term
expectancy theory
Definition
theory that says that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual
Term
3 relationships of expectancy theory
Definition
effort-performance relationship; performance-reward relationship; rewards-personal goals relationship
Term
reinforcement theory
Definition
aka operant conditioning; theory that says that behavior is a function of its consequences
Term
social learning theory
Definition
people can learn through direct experience and observation
Term
employee involvement
Definition
participative process that uses the input of employees and is intended to increase employee commitment to an organization's success
Term
participative management and representative participation
Definition
two major forms of employee involvement programs
Term
participative management
Definition
process in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors
Term
representative participation
Definition
a system in which workers participate in organizational decision making through a small group of representative employees
Term
variable pay programs
Definition
pay plans that bases a portion of an employee's pay on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance
Term
skill based pay is connected to
Definition
equity theory
Term
piece-rate pay is connected to
Definition
reinforcement theory
Term
flexible benefits
Definition
benefits plan that allows each employee to put together a benefits package individually tailored to his or her own needs and situation
Term
recognition program and examples of
Definition

intrinsic rewards; range from spontaneous and private thank-you to widely publicized formal programs

short-term:financial::long-term:non-financial

employee of the month; special parking for student;

Term

Skill variety

task identity

task significance

autonomy

feedback

Definition
5 characteristics of Job Characteristics Model
Term
skill variety
Definition
degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities
Term
task identity
Definition
degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
Term
task significance
Definition
degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
Term
autonomy
Definition
degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out
Term
feedback
Definition
degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance
Term
job rotation
Definition
periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another
Term
job enrichment
Definition
vertical expansion of jobs, which increases the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work
Term
compressed workweek
Definition
four, 10-hour workdays
Term
flextime
Definition
flexible work hours; accommodating for families
Term
job sharing
Definition
arrangement allowing two or more people to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job
Term
telecommuting
Definition
working from home at least two days a week on a computer that is linked to the employer's office
Term
formal groups
Definition

command groups; task groups

designated work group defined by an organization's structure

Term
informal groups
Definition

interest group; friendship group

group that is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined; such a group appears in response to the need for social contact

Term
social identity theory
Definition
perspective that considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups
Term
ingroup favoritism
Definition
perspective in which we see members of our ingroup as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same
Term
5-stage group-development model
Definition
five distinct stages groups go through: forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
Term
punctuated-equilibrium model
Definition

set of phases that temporary groups go through that involves transitions between inertia and activity

phase 1: group blindly follows original direction

phase 2: bursts of accelerated activity

Term
role
Definition
set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit
Term
role perception
Definition
individual's view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation
Term
role expectations
Definition
how others believe a person should act in a given situation
Term
role conflict
Definition
situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations
Term
role expectations
Definition
how others perceive the role (psychological contract)
Term
norms
Definition
acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members
Term
conformity
Definition
adjustment of one's behavior to align with the norms of the group
Term
status
Definition
socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others
Term
cohesiveness
Definition
degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group
Term
social loafing
Definition
tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
Term
groupthink
Definition
phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action; happens when work together for a long time
Term
groupshift
Definition
change in decision risk between a group's decision and an individual decision that a member within the group would make; the shift can be toward either conservatism or greater risk
Term
cohesiveness/performance norms and productivity
Definition
h/h - high prod; h/l or l/h - low prod; l/l - mod to low prod
Term
groups and teams
Definition
all teams are groups, not all groups are teams; work team is special type of group; work team generates positive synergy (major difference)
Term
four types of teams
Definition
problem solving (5-12); self-managed (10-15); cross-functional; virtual
Term
work team
Definition
group whose individual efforts result in performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs
Term
work group
Definition
group that interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each group member perform within his or her area of responsibility
Term
three ways to shape individuals in to team players
Definition

selection - pick people that are wanting to be part of a team

training - creating team players

rewarding - making sure people are rewarded at the group level instead of individual level

Term
creating an effective work team
Definition

context - resources, leadership, climates of trust, performance evaluation and reward systems

composition - member abilities, personality, roles, diversity, team size, member flexibility/preferences

process - common purpose, specific goals, team efficiency, conflict levels, social loafing

Supporting users have an ad free experience!