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When you need a structure for a particular molecular formula, it helps to find the number of __________ __________ __________.
Calculate the maximum number of __________ atoms from the saturated formula, and see how many are missing.
The number of elements of unsaturation is simply __________ the number of missing __________. |
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Definition
1) Elements of unsaturation
2) Hydrogen
3) Half
4) Hydrogens |
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| __________ are any atoms other than carbon and hydrogen. |
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Definition
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Elements of Unsaturation: Halogens
Halogens simply substitute for __________ atoms in the molecular formula.
In calculating the number of elements of unsaturation, simply count halogens as __________ atoms. |
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Definition
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Elements of Unsaturation: Oxygen
An oxygen atom can be added to the chain (or added to a C-H bond to make a C-OH group) without changing the number of __________ or __________ atoms.
In calculating the number of elements of unsaturation, __________ the oxygen atoms. |
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Definition
1) Hydrogen
2) Carbon
3) Ignore |
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Elements of Unsaturation: Nitrogen
A nitrogen atom can take the place of a __________ atom in the chain, but since nitrogen is __________, having only one additional __________ atom compared with __________ for carbon, each nitrogen should be counted as __________ a carbon atom when computing elements of unsaturation. |
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Definition
1) Carbon
2) Trivalent
3) Hydrogen
4) Two
5) Half |
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