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| In systematic nomenclature, alcohols are treated as derivatives of alkanes. The ending -e of the alkane is replaced by _____ |
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| In systematic nomenclature, an alkane is converted into an _____ |
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| In systematic nomenclature, the name of the alcohol is based on the longest chain that _____ |
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| contains the OH substituent |
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| In systematic nomenclature, cyclic alcohols are called _____ |
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| In systematic nomenclature, when the OH group is named as a substituent, it is called _____ |
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| In common nomenclature, the name of the alkyl group is followed by the word _____ |
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| does not dissolve easily in water; ex) alkanes |
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| enhances water solubility; ex) OH group, COOH, NH2 |
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| Alcohols are popular _____ in the SN2 reaction due to their "water-like" structure |
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| To drive the equilibrium between alcohol and alkoxide (RO-) to the side of the conjugate base, it is necessary to use a base _____ than the alkoxide formed |
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| A stronger base has a _____ conjugate acid |
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| How does the addition of a halogen to an alcohol affect its acidity? |
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| It increases the acidity by aiding in stabilizing the negative charge of the conjugate base |
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| molecules that may be both acids & bases |
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| Is the hydroxy functional group amphoteric? |
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| a pressurized mixture of CO & H2 that is used to make methanol on a multibillion-pound scale |
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| a process that adds electronegative atoms such as halogen or oxygen to, or removes hydrogens from, a molecule |
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| the removal of halogen or oxygen or the addition of hydrogen; opposite of oxidation |
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| The reduction of aldehydes & ketones with hydride reagents is a useful way of synthesizing alcohols. This approach would be even more powerful if we could use a source of _____ instead of hydride |
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| What does "R:-" symbolize? |
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| a carbon-based nucleophile |
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| the compound created when a metal acts on a haloalkane; a carbon atom of an organic group is bound to a metal |
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| organomagnesium compounds; named after the discoverer F.A. Victor Grignard |
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| when a carbon has the negative charge in a bond |
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| the preparation of alkylmetals from haloalkanes; changes which relative atoms in the molecules have the negative/positive charges |
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| Are alkanes extremely strong or weak acids? |
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| Are carbanions strong bases? |
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| The reaction of organometallic compounds with formaldehyde results in _____ |
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| The reaction of organometallic compounds with aldehydes other than formaldehyde results in _____ |
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| The reaction of organometallic compounds with ketones furnishes _____ |
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| the process of figuring out the steps needed to make a target molecule as efficiently as possible |
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| Does fluoride make a good leaving group? |
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| What type of questions fall under "synthetic methodology"? |
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| What is a good reaction? What sort of structures can we make by applying it? |
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| The best approach to the preparation of the target is to work its synthesis _____ on paper; AKA retrosynthetic analysis |
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| In retrosynthetic analysis, strategic carbon-carbon bonds _____ are broken at points where bond formation seems possible |
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| What symbol is used to indicate "derives from"? |
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| a double-shafted arrow; a "retrosynthetic arrow" |
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