Term
For Organic chemistry the term oxidation refers to what |
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Definition
A reaction where there is an increase in the number of bonds to O |
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Term
| In organic chemistry a reduction refers to |
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Definition
a rxn that decreases the number of bonds to oxygen
and increasing the number of bonds to hydrogen |
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Term
| When oxidizing alcohols, what must we keep in mind |
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Definition
We can only oxidize primary or secondary alcohols
Primary to aldehyde or carboxylic acid
secondary to ketone |
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Term
A primary alcohol being oxidized with PCC yields a ? |
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Definition
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Term
| A primary alcohol being oxidized with Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) yields a ? |
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Definition
A Carboxylic Acid
[image]
KMno4 is known as a hard oxidizing agent |
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Term
| A primary alcohol being oxidized with chromic acid (H2CrO4) yields a ? |
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Definition
A Carboxylic Acid
[image]
H2CrO4 is known as a hard oxidizing agent |
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Term
| A primary alcohol being oxidized with Jone Reagent ( CrO3/H2SO4) yields a ? |
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Definition
A Carboxylic Acid
[image]
Jones Reagent is known as a hard oxidizing agent |
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Term
A Secondary alcohol will be oxidized to what when using
oxidizing agents? |
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Definition
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Term
A Ketone will be reduced to what when using
sodium borohydride (NaBH4)? |
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Definition
A Secondary alcohol
[image] |
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Term
An Aldehyde will be reduced to what when using
sodium borohydride (NaBH4)? |
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Definition
A Primary alcohol
[image] |
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Term
| What can Sodium borohydride cannot reduce |
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Definition
Carboxylic Acids and Esters
They can reduce ketones and aldehydes |
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Term
| Aldehydes, Carboxylic Acids and esters when reduced by Lithium anhydride (LAH) will become |
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Definition
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Term
| Ketones when reduced by Lithium anhydride ( LAH ) will become |
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Definition
A secondary alcohol
[image] |
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Term
The reducing agent sodium borohydride can reduce
______ and __________ only |
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Definition
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Term
the reducing agent Lithium anhydride can reduce
_________, ___________, ___________ and _________ |
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Definition
| Carboxylic Acids, Ketones, Aldehydes and Esters |
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Term
Diisobutyalaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H)
is a reducing agent that can |
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Definition
Can reduce an ester into an aldehyde
[image] |
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Term
lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (LTBA)
is known for reducing acid chlorides to |
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Definition
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Term
| Ozonolysis is the process that takes an linear alkene and |
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Definition
Cleaves the double bonds separating each into a carbonyl carbon
[image] |
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Term
Ozonolysis ( 1. O3, Ch3Cl2 2. Zn, HOAc)
is the process that takes an cyclic alkene and |
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Definition
Cleaves the double bond opening it up to become 2 carbonyls
[image] |
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Term
| Ozonolysis with alkynes followed by an aqueous work up leads to _____ as products |
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Definition
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Term
| Epoxides are also known as |
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Definition
cyclic ethers
the simplest one is oxacyclopropane |
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Term
| Meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid is the reagent used to |
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Definition
| Turn an alkene into an epoxide |
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Term
Williamson Ether Synthesis
Step 1 begins with an ______ and proceeds through a _______ rxn
leaving us with an _______ that begins step 2
Step 2: Proceeds through a _________rxn and leaves an ether |
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Definition
Alcohol
Acid Base
Alkoxide
SN2
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Term
| Alkoxymercuration- Demercuration is very similar to Oxymercuration Demercuration except |
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Definition
You use an alcohol to deprotonate so an ester is formed Markovnikov
[image] |
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Term
| Oxymercuration-Demercuration of a terminal alkynes results in an |
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Definition
Enol functional group
[image]
Enols have a tendence to tautomerize
so we actually end up with a ketone functional group
[image] |
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Term
| Hydroboration oxidation on terminal alkynes will give a rise to |
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Definition
The anti markovnikov enol product that will tautomerize into an aldehyde
[image] |
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Term
| Lithium alumninum hydride will reduce any nitrile to a |
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Definition
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Term
| Fisher Esterification is where we have a carboxylic acid and ROH and generate |
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Definition
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Term
Fischer esterification is a reaction that occurs in
___________ |
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Definition
Equillibrium
We can push the rxn forward by using excess alcohol
We can push the rxn forward by removing water as well
[image] |
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Term
| A primary alcohol being oxidized with Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) yields a ? |
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Definition
Carboxylic Acid
[image]
KmNO4 is known as a hard oxidizing agent |
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Term
When oxidizing an alcohol, which of the following can be oxidized?
A. Primary alcohols
B. Secondary Alcohols
C. Tertiary alcohols
D. Primary and Secondary
E. Secondary and Tertiary |
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Definition
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Term
Primary alcohols can be oxidized to
A. Carboxylic Acids
B. Ketones
C. Aldehydes
D. Ketones and Aldehydes
E. Carboxylic Acids and aldehydes
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Definition
| E. Carboxylic Acids and Aldehydes |
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Term
Secondary alcohols can be oxidized to
A. Carboxylic Acids
B. Ketones
C. Aldehydes
D. Ketones and Aldehydes
E. Carboxylic Acids and Aldehydes |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a common oxidizing agent?
A. Lithium aluminum hydride
B. PCC
C. Sodium Borohydride
D. Ascorbic Acid (HC6H7O6)
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Definition
B. PCC
All the others are common reducing agents |
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Term
All of the following are oxidizing agents except
A. Jones Reagent (CrO3/ H2SO4)
B. Chromic acid (H2CrO4)
C. Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4)
D.Potassium Permanganate(KMnO4)
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Definition
C. Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4)
It is a soft reducing agent |
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