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Exam 1
Definitions
11
Organic Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
08/30/2009

Additional Organic Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Aufbau Principle
Definition
orbitals fill in order of increasing energy from lowest to highest energy. (bottom to top)
Term
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Definition
only two electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired (two e- are antiparallel).
Term
Hund's Rule
Definition
when orbitals of equal energy are available but there are not enough electrons to fill all of them, one electron is added to each orbital before a second electron is added to them (fill different orbitals first).
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
a measure of an atom's attraction for the electrons it shares with another atom in a chemical bond.
Term
Bond dipole moment (μ)
Definition

a measure of the polarity of a covalent bond

 

(product of the charge on either atom of a polar bond times the distance btwn the nuclei)

Term
Formal charge
Definition

the charge on an atom in a molecule or a polyatomic ion.

 

FC = (# of valence e-) --

((unshared e-) + (1/2 of shared e-)

Term
Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Definition

1. Group 3A - Boron and Aluminum can have 6 e-

 

2. Atoms of 3rd period can have up to 8 e- (phosphorus)

 

3. Sulfur can have up to 8, 10, or 12 e-

Term
Functional group
Definition
an atom of group of atoms within a molecule that shows a characteristic set of physical and chemical properties
Term
Molecular dipole moment
Definition
vector sum of the individual bond dipole moments in a molecule (in debyes)
Term
Determining Resonance
Definition

1. filled valence shells

 

2. max # of covalent bonds

 

3. least separation of unlike charge (double bond)

 

4. negative charge on the more electronegative atom

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